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" CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES FOR THE RIGHTS CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES FOR THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION   [Discussion at Pakistan Women Lawyers' Association Refresher Training Workshop held at Karachi from 26‑12‑1997 to 30‑12‑1997.]   By   Dr. Muhammad Farogh Naseem,   LL. B. (Hon) (Wales), LL. M. (London), Ph. D (London) of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister‑at‑Law   Mrs. Rasheeda Patel, President of PAWLA, office‑bearers and participants! I am indeed very grateful to Mrs. Rasheeda Patel for having given me an opportunity to express my views today. Mrs. Patel is not just a person she by herself is an institution and comprises a towering personality. Her single- handed contribution as a human rights' activist and a philanthropist is highly commendable.   The topic of discussion for today is extremely significant for us. Our operative Constitution i.e. the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 contains three sets of provisions in the context of rights of man; firstly certain background provisions, secondly fundamental rights and thirdly principles of policy. I shall discuss them each in turn.   The background provisions are essentially Articles 2A, 3 and 4 of the Constitution. Article 2A talks in terms of the preamble of the Constitution becoming a substantive part thereof. The preamble in turn talks, inter alia, in terms of the equality. Wherever the term "equality" is used the same obviously employs sexual equality as well. In my humble opinion Article 2A can be employed to check laws and actions which are against the principle of sexual equality. Article 3 of the Constitution embodies the egalitarian expectations of the entire nation viz. that exploitation should be eliminated. Once…