"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2022J4_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eADJUDICATING IT BASED POLICING: CASE OF MAINTAINING DIGITAL DAILY DIARY\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eUser\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eUser\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  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@page\r\n\t{mso-page-border-surround-header:no;\r\n\tmso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in;text-justify-trim:punctuation\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eADJUDICATING IT BASED\r\nPOLICING: CASE OF MAINTAINING DIGITAL DAILY DIARY\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eKamran Adil Police\r\nService of Pakistan\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is fashionable to link all the\r\ngovernment business and public policy issues with the use of information\r\ntechnology (IT) nowadays; the propensity to do so is not entirely cosmetic, but\r\nhas immense merit. IT based Policing is more than an efficiency enhancing tool\r\nas it can help realize implementation of constitutional fundamental and human rights\r\nthat distinguish citizens of an independent state from a colonial state. In\r\nthis constitutional and legal context, every IT based Policing is dependent on\r\nspecific legislation that enhances the rule of law, minimizes the discretion\r\nand makes it sustainable for budget allocation. Balancing between competing\r\nhuman rights and benefits of information technology is the primary\r\nconsideration while preparing these specific legislations. One such instance is\r\nprovision of legislative cover for daily diaries of police stations that were\r\nbeing maintained manually in the Punjab. By amending Rule 22.4 of the Punjab\r\nPolice Rules, 1934 on 15th December, 2017, it was required from police station\r\nclerks (muharrars) that daily diary registers that log every activity of police\r\npersonnel and investigation officers shall be maintained both manually and\r\nelectronically. The amendment was aimed at providing legal cover to both the\r\nmanual and the digital records of police stations. In the amended form, the\r\npurpose of the Rule was to oversee the digital transformation. In practice,\r\nhowever, police started maintaining only the digital copies and the manual\r\ncopies were not being maintained. The non-maintenance of the daily diary copies\r\nbecame a moot point in some of the latest decisions of the courts as precious\r\nfundamental rights were at stake. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThree\r\ncases warrant mention. First is the case titled as Muhammad Tariq v. SHO Police\r\nStation Saddar Jampur\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. The judgement was authored by Justice\r\nIbad-ur-Rehman of the Multan Bench of the Lahore High Court. On his order,\r\nbailiff of the court, on surety of two thousand rupees, recovered five persons\r\nfrom the custody of police. While the electronic copy of their arrest was in\r\nthe record, the manual copy as required in Rule 22.4 was not being maintained.\r\nThe court summoned senior police officer of the Region (a Deputy Inspector\r\nGeneral of Police) who \u0027candidly denied\u0027 that there was any instruction\r\ncontrary to the rules and that the observation of the judge about\r\nnon-implementation of Rule 22.4 was correct. The court directed the Inspector\r\nGeneral of Police, Punjab to strictly follow the rule. The logic behind the\r\ndecision was noted as:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;line-height:12.1pt;\r\nmso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;\r\ntab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot; it\r\nhas been noticed with great concern that after launching online system in\r\npolice stations there are rampant complaints relating to different police\r\nstations for the reason that manual police registers are not being maintained\r\nat all. Even there are some reports that some police officers had laid off\r\ntheir hands from manual entries after online entering the data in the computer\r\nfor some time or even in some cases after some days. It means that before\r\nmaking the data online they have sufficient time to make changes in the data\r\nfor some ulterior motive and they can easily cover their misdeeds/wrongs\r\ncommitted by them. Moreover, the data available in the computers is not fully\r\nsecured and it is vulnerable due to different factors.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.1pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nanother case titled as Khatoon Bibi v. The State\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, Justice Chaudhry\r\nAbdul Aziz of the Lahore High Court examined in detail the law related to\r\nmaintenance of the daily diary in detail and linked it to constitutional\r\nfundamental right to life and to the right to be treated in accordance with law\r\non arrest and detention. The facts of the case that came up for adjudication\r\nare very interesting as they undergird the importance of a daily diary and the\r\nway its rightful maintenance is linked with implementation of human and\r\nfundamental rights of the citizens. In this case, three persons were recovered\r\nfrom the custody of police. The police justified their arrest by relying on a\r\nsupplementary statement to the First Information Report (FIR). The court when\r\nchecked the record with the help of cross references, the whole case of theft\r\nagainst the recovered persons was found to be \u0027dubious\u0027 and \u0027knit\u0027 as a defence\r\nto frustrate the court\u0027s adjudication. The court elucidated with the help of\r\nthe facts of the case that how a police constable abused the criminal justice\r\nprocesses. The court noted that the law related to safeguard of\r\ncross-referencing of different police related registers and inspections was not\r\nbeing followed. The court noted with concern that police excesses and lack of\r\naccountability were violating the constitutional rights under Articles 9, 10\r\nand 14 of the Constitution of Pakistan. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA third case on similar lines was Mst.\r\nAsmat Parveen v. The State\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Since the judgement was passed by the\r\nthen Chief Justice Mr. Justice Qasim Khan, it captured headlines in media and\r\nexcited a brief debate within justice sector about adjudication of IT based\r\nPolicing by the courts. He directed the Inspector General of Police, Punjab, to\r\n\u0027start/keep maintaining manual roznamch waqiati (Daily Diary) as per previous\r\npractice\u0027. The facts leading to the direction were that two criminal cases i.e.\r\nFirst Information Reports (FIRs) were registered within a span of ten minutes\r\nin same police station of district Mandi Bahud Din against a husband and his\r\nwife for possessing saleable quantity of narcotics. The offence of possessing\r\nsaleable quantity of narcotics attracts section 9(c) of the Narcotic Substances\r\nAct, 1997 and is punishable with death penalty. Interestingly, both were booked\r\nin separate criminal cases. The recovery from the husband, as appears from the\r\nfacts narrated in the judgement, was made in front of his own house and the\r\nrecovery from his wife was made from the backside of the same house. Both were\r\narrested in these cases. It must be noted that the time difference between the\r\ntwo cases was of ten minutes. The wife had moved for her pre-arrest bail, which\r\nwas before court for examination. The court allowed the bail and noted that in\r\nthe present situation, \u0027the possibility of fabrication\u0027 cannot be ruled out.\r\nHis observation was in line with earlier judgements stated above.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe adjudication of IT-based Policing can\r\nbe examined from multiple lenses. Jurisprudentially, the reasons of the\r\njudgements appear to be based on \u0027practical\u0027 reasons as Richard A. Posner would\r\nlike to classify them. In his book, the Problems of Jurisprudence, he has\r\nauthored a chapter on \u0027Neotraditionalism\u0027 and has opined that \u0027much of law\u0027s\r\nsocial value lies not in resolving disputes but in preventing them by laying\r\ndown the rules that people live by\u0027. It appears that in the while revering to\r\nthe use of IT for policing, the courts were constrained to make a choice\r\nbetween the legitimizing the use of information technology or to prevent abuse\r\nof police powers and protect fundamental rights. The courts, it appears,\r\npreferred the latter. From viewpoint of police, the decisions of the courts\r\nimplore their leadership to plan well and to follow the rules set especially\r\nwhile overseeing the transition from manual to digital record keeping. The\r\npublic policy question would be: should government invest in IT based Policing?\r\nThe answer is in affirmative, but for that it is important that all the\r\nconstitutional safeguards be implemented in letter and spirit. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"