"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2021J2_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eDOMESTIC WORKERS\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eUser\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eUser\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  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Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in;text-justify-trim:punctuation\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDOMESTIC WORKERS\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(The Legal\r\nIdentity, recognition, and protection)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eShoaib Anwar Qureshi,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eAdditional District\r\nand Sessions Judge, Lahore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;It is necessary\r\nto protect the rights of the domestic workers; to \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eregulate their terms\r\nof employment, and working conditions of \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eservice; to provide\r\nthem social protection, and ensure their \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ewelfare, and to\r\nprovide for the matters ancillary thereto\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eINTRODUCTION\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003ePakistan is the land with the employment\r\nof about 8.5 million domestic workers. Still, there was no coherent legislative\r\nframework to regulate their employment, and this informal sector was left at\r\nthe mercy of the employers. Identity has always remained an issue for domestic\r\nworkers. These workers have remained excluded from the scope of labor laws for\r\nprivate households and have never been entitled to claim social securities\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\r\nThe domestic workers have remained vulnerable to deplorable working conditions,\r\nlabor exploitation, human rights abuses, and legal protection.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nPunjab Domestic Workers Act, 2019\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e is aimed to create such \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ea framework by incorporating the recommendations of\r\nILO\u0027s Domestic Workers Right Convention\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e into domestic law. This\r\npaper will argue that in what manner this law\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e will bring a drastic\r\nchange in society by drawing the informal sector of domestic workers into the\r\nmainstream. We shall discuss how the law has given the identity to large-scale\r\nhousehold employees and what protections are guaranteed to domestic workers. \u003cu\u003eThe\r\ncourts\u0027 role has always been towards recognizing and protecting this vulnerable\r\ninformal sector of employment\u003c/u\u003e. We will find how the Lahore High Court\r\nplayed its role in convincing the legislature to draft the enactment\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eBACKGROUND\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAdmittedly, there is no accurate figure\r\nfor domestic worker employment in Pakistan. A report of Labor Force Survey\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nput the total number of domestic workers in the Country at 284,700 (0.5% of\r\ntotal employment), the more recent media reports fixed this number closer to\r\n8.5 million (4.7 % of the total population). The International Labor\r\nOrganization (ILO) estimates the number of domestic workers in the Asia\r\nPacific, around 4.7 % of total employment\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e. This lack of authentic\r\ndata demonstrates this part of the labor force\u0027s overlook and certainly the\r\neconomic input. It also exhibits the lack of Government initiative or interest\r\nto regulate this sector, locally and internationally.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThis sector\u0027s negligent overlook invited\r\nproblems such as child \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003elabor, bonded\r\nlabor, sexual assault and harassment, violence, abuse to humanity, and\r\ndeploring working conditions. This miss also took away the constitutional\r\nprotections of fundamental rights, in the form of the work description,\r\ncalculated working hours, leave period, job protection, standard of minimum\r\nwages, and left this large scale sector only on employers\u0027 mercy. Islamabad\r\nHigh Court seriously took the criminal neglect to deal with the domestic\r\nworkers. In 2012, an Additional District and Sessions Judge, Islamabad, and his\r\nwife were prosecuted and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003econ-victed for\r\nemploying a household worker and maltreating a minor girl\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAs per official data\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e, 103\r\ncases were registered against \u0027cruelty to the child at the workplace\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e\u0027\r\nand \u0027the employment of children\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e\u0027 in Lahore, and out of this, 90\r\nare only registered in 2020. I can say with full conviction that this has never\r\nbeen the accurate figure and may not even reflect the actual figure\u0027s small\r\npercentage. The lack of identity to the informal sector of domestic workers\r\nnever encourages the individual to come forward and make their claim and fight\r\nfor their rights, either civil or criminal, against the resourceful employers.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDRAFTING AND ENACTMENT OF BILL\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003ePakistan is a signatory and ratifier of\r\nILO\u0027s domestic workers\u0027 convention 2011\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e. An initiative was taken\r\nby Senator Osman Saifullah Khan and presented the private bill with the\r\ndescription \u0026quot;Domestic Workers (Employment Rights) Bill 2013\u0026quot; in\r\nNational Assembly, but unfortunately, the Federation of Pakistan has remained\r\nunsuccessful in making the enactment, till the date a private members bill\r\n\u0026quot;The Islamabad Capital Territory Domestic Workers Act, 2019\u0026quot; is\r\npending as legislative business of National Assembly of Pakistan\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAfter the eighteenth amendment\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nand the evolution of concurrent legislative list, the welfare of the labor,\r\nconditions of labor, provident fund, employer\u0027s liability, health insurance,\r\nand old-age pensioners are beyond the subject matter of federal laws\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nand provincial assembly has the power to make laws for the matter not\r\nenumerated in the federal legislative list\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e. The Hon\u0027ble Lahore\r\nHigh Court took the initiative to entertain the petition titled as Subay Khan\r\nv. Federation of Pakistan\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e, where the direction was sought to\r\nprovide/ notify guidelines for minimum wages of the domestic workers. It was\r\nconceded that there was no regulation or law to deal with domestic workers. The\r\nHon\u0027ble High Court vide order dated 09.12.2015 held that the domestic workers\r\nwere unduly indiscriminate, and the issue of minimum wages for the domestic\r\nworkers required prompt legislation. It was a policy issue; the Court further\r\ndirected the Secretary Labor and the Human Resource Department Government of\r\nPunjab to concede legislation. The Government\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ePunjab\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecould\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003enot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003esurface\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eany\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003elegislation\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eon\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esubject for about two years. After that, on contempt petition\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\nit was argued that under Article 3 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic\r\nof Pakistan 1973, all the domestic workers were required to be protected in\r\nPakistan, to its dismay, the domestic workers were exposed to exploitation and\r\nhazardous working conditions, further there was no proper legislation to\r\nprotect the fundamental right of the domestic workers.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThis contempt of Court petition\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nwas taken as a matter of public importance and converted into a regular writ\r\npetition titled as \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eSubay Khan v. Secretary Labor Government of Punjab\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nand the then \u003cu\u003eChief Justice Hon\u0027ble Mr. Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah\u003c/u\u003e\r\npassed a specific direction to the Secretary, Labor and Human Resource\r\nDepartment Government of Punjab, with the hope and expectation that the\r\ngovernment would consider legislation on the subject. After that, on\r\n13.03.2018, \u003cu\u003eHon\u0027ble Mr. Justice Jawad Hassan,\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eJudge Lahore High Court\u003c/u\u003e ordered that the\r\ndepartment might constitute a committee after consideration with the experts,\r\nsocial workers, legal fertility, academic, and other stakeholders to finalize\r\nall recommendations and inputs would finalize the draft Act for its practical\r\nimplementation, \u003cu\u003ethereon the Punjab Domestic Workers Act, 2019 was\r\npromulgated\u003c/u\u003e. The Court further held that the domestic workers in Pakistan\r\nwere entitled to all the fundamental rights, i.e., the right to elimination of\r\nexploitation\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e, right to life including the right of livelihood\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\nright to equality\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e, right to trade and business\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e, right\r\nto education\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e, protection against slavery and forced labor\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nand all other principles of policy which are devised for the promotion of\r\nsocial justice, eradication of social evils, social and economic well being of\r\nthe people of Pakistan\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eRIGHTS AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT --- IMPLEMENTATION AND\r\nMANAGEMENT\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nPunjab Domestic Workers Act, 2019\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e is promulgated with the object\r\nto recognize and regulate the domestic workers\u0027 rights. It also aims to protect\r\nand improve employment conditions and provide social security, safety, healthy\r\nfacility, and welfare. The Act\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e establishes the domestic workers\u0027\r\nBoard\u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e, domestic worker welfare fund\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e, Governing Body\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\nDispute Resolution Committee\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e, Appellate Authority\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e and\r\nalso\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eprovide executive enforcement mechanism\r\nand judicial scrutiny through Inspectors\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e and Labor Courts\u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nAct prohibited the working of a child below the age of 15 years in a household\r\nin any capacity and allowed the child under 18 years to light work only\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e.\r\nThe contravention to this provision is declared a criminal offense, triable by\r\nthe Magistrate 1st Class, punishable with imprisonment extending to one month\r\nand fine\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nsubstantive part of the Act provides a breakdown of the rights and the entitlement\r\nof domestic workers. Every employment or appointment shall be subject to the\r\nissuance of an employment letter showing the terms and conditions of\r\nemployment, and the employer cannot assign extra work to the domestic worker\r\nwithout his free will and extra remuneration\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nidentity is given to the domestic workers, and now they cannot be called\r\n\u0026quot;servants.\u0026quot; There shall not be any bonded labor or forced labor. The\r\nAct also prohibits any discrimination, in recruitment or wages, based on\r\nreligion, race, sex, and creed\u003csup\u003e41\u003c/sup\u003e. The Act also guarantees the\r\ndomestic workers\u0027 benefits, including medical care, sick leaves, maternity\r\nleaves, weekly holiday and festival holidays, the \u003cu\u003ePunjab Employees Social\r\nSecurity Ordinance, 1965\u003c/u\u003e, and the Rules thereunder available to domestic\r\nworkers\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nAct has also provided minimum wage protection to the domestic workers, which\r\nmay be classified on an hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly basis. The\r\nrecommendations of the \u0026quot;Board\u0026quot; shall comply concerning the minimum\r\nwages of domestic workers. The Board must follow the procedure under section 6\r\nof the \u003cu\u003eMinimum Wages Ordinance, 1961\u003c/u\u003e to calculate minimum wages\u003csup\u003e43\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nregistration of the domestic workers with the \u0026quot;Governing Body\u0026quot; is an\r\nimportant milestone to qualify the domestic workers for the financial benefits\r\nfrom the \u0026quot;Domestic Workers Welfare Fund,\u0026quot; which is made available for\r\ntheir education, training, and skill development\u003csup\u003e44\u003c/sup\u003e. The powers of\r\nthe Civil Courts are given to the \u0026quot;Dispute Resolution Committee\u0026quot; to\r\nenforce the attendance\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eexamination\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eany\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eperson,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efor the production of the\r\nrecord.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThis committee\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003emay\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ematerial\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003efor the resolution of the disputes at the local level\u003csup\u003e45\u003c/sup\u003e. The\r\n\u0026quot;Labor Inspectors\u0026quot; also function on the direction of the Dispute\r\nResolution Committee\u003csup\u003e46\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:\r\n12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eROLE OF COURTS\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nmovement of superior courts in Pakistan is to guard and protect the rights of\r\nthe low privileged spectrum of the society including, the labor, unskilled\r\nworkforce, bonded workers, low paid faction, child and women employment in domestic\r\nwork. The judicial precedents reflect our judiciary\u0027s proactive role to hold\r\nany unconscionable contract of employment with the low privileged class to be\r\nvoid. In \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eDarshan Masih Alias Rehmatay v. The State\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e47\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\nthe honorable Supreme Court termed the matter of bonded labor and illegal\r\ndetention by employers in the brick kiln industry falling within the ambit of\r\npublic interest litigation. The Court extended its jurisdiction on the telegram\r\nby illegally detained and employed labor in brick Kiln and held that the\r\nContract Act contains the provisions to safeguard against illegal, immoral,\r\nunconscionable, and other contracts against public policy. The Hon\u0027ble Supreme\r\nCourt further held that bonded labor is against the fundamental rights and\r\nadvised effective legislation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nCourts in Pakistan have forcefully discouraged employment on nominal wages. In \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eHuman\r\nRights Commission of Pakistan and others v. Government of Pakistan\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e48\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\nthe honorable Court laid ratio that all contracts whereby a person agrees to\r\nrender services without wages or for nominal wages, forfeit the freedom of\r\nemployment or movement, forfeit the right to appropriate, sell at market value\r\nany of his property or product of his labor are void. It was further held that\r\nwhile forced labor and clog on the freedom of movement by way of consideration\r\nfor the repayment of the debt would be impermissible, the outstanding amount\r\ncould be recovered through normal legal channels, the Court discouraged the\r\nmagnitude of exploitation of disadvantaged people arising from the unequal\r\nbargaining position.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe matter of H.R. CASES NOS. 16360 of 2009, 1859-S and 14292-P of 2010\u003csup\u003e49\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\ninitiate on the anonymous applications seeking remedy for lady health workers\r\nand lady health supervisors, the honorable Supreme Court extended the scope of\r\n\u0027West Pakistan Minimum Wages for Unskilled Workers Ordinance, 1969 (for private\r\norganizations)\u0027 and made it applicable on the persons engaged by the Government\r\nor any of its organization. The Court held that non-adherence to minimum wages\r\nor avoidance of the same through an agreement was a violation of Articles 9 and\r\n25 of the Constitution. The Court directed that the judgment should be\r\nconsidered a guideline for all the executive departments in the future while\r\nfixing the employees\u0027 wages being engaged by the government organizations on a\r\ncontract basis or under any other program funded by the government or any other\r\nagency.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nworkplace\u0027s exploitation is taken in violation of fundamental rights, which are\r\nguaranteed under the Constitution. In \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eAll Pakistan Newspapers Society and\r\nothers v. Federation of Pakistan\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e50\u003c/sup\u003e, the honorable Supreme\r\nCourt has observed that the word \u0027life\u0027 is very significant as it covers all\r\nfacets of human existence, life includes all such amenities and facilities\r\nwhich a person born in a free country is entitled to enjoy with dignity,\r\nlegally and constitutionally. The right to life also includes the right to\r\nlivelihood. Under Article 3 of the Constitution, the State is bound to ensure\r\nthe elimination of all forms of exploitation and the gradual fulfillment of the\r\nfundamental principle, from each according to his ability to each according to\r\nhis work; therefore, a right person is required to be engaged in the right job,\r\nand there should not be any exploitation whatsoever. The honorable Islamabad\r\nHigh Court in \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eJaved Iqbal and others v. Federation of Pakistan\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e51\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nheld that no one would be willing to provide services for another for less than\r\nthe minimum wage, especially when he knew that under the law, he was entitled\r\nto get a minimum wage from his employer. When a person provided labor or\r\nservice to another against remuneration, which was less than the minimum wage,\r\nhe acted under some compulsion force, which deprived him\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto work. However, he\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003epaid less\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethan\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewas\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eentitled\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eunder the law to receive. A person would accept a salary less than a\r\nminimum wage when he could not bargain with the employer. Every person\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewho\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehad\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eprovided\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elabor\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eservice\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eanother\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewas\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eentitled\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eleast\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eminimum\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewage. If\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eanything\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eless\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethan\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eminimum\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewage\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewas paid,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecould\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecomplain of\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eviolating his\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eFundamental\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eRight.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn Pakistan, the legislature and\r\njudiciary appear to be conscious of any abuse against women and children,\r\nespecially at the workplace. The National Commission On the Rights of Child\r\nAct, 2017\u003csup\u003e52\u003c/sup\u003e, is promulgated to examine the legislations and\r\nadministration instructions for the welfare of child, the Employment of\r\nChildren Act, 1991\u003csup\u003e53\u003c/sup\u003e is promulgated to prohibit the employment of\r\nchildren in certain occupation and to regulate their working conditions, right\r\nto Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2012\u003csup\u003e54\u003c/sup\u003e, is promulgated to\r\nprovide free and compulsory education to all the children of the age of five to\r\nsixteen years in schools of federal government and local government in\r\nIslamabad territory, Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act, 2018\u003csup\u003e55\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nprovide effective measures to prevent in combat the trafficking in persons,\r\nespecially women and children, Punjab Prohibition of Child Labor Brick Kilns\r\nAct, 2016\u003csup\u003e56\u003c/sup\u003e acknowledges that the environment in the brick kiln is\r\nhazardous for children, adversely affects their growth, health and education\r\nand provides and prohibits their employment and also, Punjab Restriction on the\r\nEmployment of Children Act, 2016\u003csup\u003e57\u003c/sup\u003e, prohibit the employment of\r\nchildren and restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations\r\nrelating to hazardous work. The criminal law Second Amendment Act, 2016\u003csup\u003e58\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nhas added certain cognizable offense relating to children, including exposure\r\nto seduction\u003csup\u003e59\u003c/sup\u003e, children pornography\u003csup\u003e60\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ecruelty to a child\u003csup\u003e61\u003c/sup\u003e,\r\ntrafficking of human beings,\u003csup\u003e62\u003c/sup\u003e and sexual abuse during employment\u003csup\u003e63\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eOne\r\nof the highlighted domestic worker abuse case is \u003ci\u003e\u003cu\u003eTayyaba\u0027s \u003c/u\u003e\u003c/i\u003ecase\r\nwhere the Hon\u0027ble Chief Justice of Pakistan took suo motu notice of child\r\nvictim Tayyaba who being a domestic worker, was subjected to severe torture by\r\na judicial officer and observed, \u0026quot;Though the child claimed she had fallen\r\nfrom stairs and was burnt while switching on the television, the wounds showed\r\nshe had been tortured for a long time and harassed/ forced by someone to give\r\nthat statement. The burn injuries were not caused by electric current, and I\r\ncan surely say someone had [tortured her with] hot iron rods.\u0026quot; \u003cu\u003eLater\r\non, in the exercise of original jurisdiction, the Islamabad High Court\u003c/u\u003e\r\nobserved that circumstances established that the accused had left the minor\r\nalone in the house and exposed her to cold weather, hid the minor in injured\r\nconditions, did not provide the medical assistance, deprived the girl of\r\neducation and kept her in virtual servitude; all was willful neglect and\r\nill-treatment and was sufficient to establish the actus rea and mens rea to\r\nconstitute the offense\u003csup\u003e64\u003c/sup\u003e. The Hon\u0027ble Supreme Court on appeal\r\nfurther held that the offense \u0026quot;Cruelty of Child\u0026quot; (Section-328-A,\r\nP.P.C.) encompasses even an act of omission, which does not necessarily result\r\nin physical harm but may cause or likely to cause psychological harm, the\r\nassault, ill-treatment, neglect and medically un-attendance are the act of\r\ncruelty towards a housemaid. However, the prosecution did not invoke any\r\nprovision regarding the minors\u0027 employment; rather, the prosecution was\r\nconvinced that there was no legislation to cater to the domestic workers\u003csup\u003e65\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:\r\n12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eCONCLUSION\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\npresent law on domestic workers attempts to challenge and change the deeply\r\nentrenched norms of our society. Whenever any such social change is envisaged\r\nthrough legislation, the main concern has always been that either the law is of\r\nsymbolic value or intending to hit real change; for \u0026quot;real change,\u0026quot;\r\nthe effective enforcement of all the provisions of the Act is of paramount\r\nimportance.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAt\r\npresent, The Act prevails in glimpses in the society, and an\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;line-height:12.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eaggressive campaign must create proper\r\nawareness and enforcement. The successful implementation of the Law (order of\r\nthe court) depends upon the particular social forces in the backdrop of local\r\nhistory, the prevailing economic pressures, and related issues\u003csup\u003e66\u003c/sup\u003e. In\r\nthis regard, the Domestic Workers Board has to play a proactive role in public\r\nawareness and formulate the policy for effective and sustainable\r\nimplementation. It must devise and propose further amendments in the Act to\r\nrule out the difficulties.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eILO\u0027s convention guarantees the Freedom\r\nof Association and to form a\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eUnion,\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebut\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003esame\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003enot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003epart\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eour\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003estatute.\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ePrior\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eindustrial\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003erevolution in Europe,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elaborers,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003elike\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edomestic\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eworkers in Pakistan, were easily replaceable\r\nand were only on the mercy of the employers\u0027 market forces and will. They were\r\nexploited and bargained over the working terms and related issues. By\r\nincorporating the same provision in the present Act may drive the informal\r\nsector of Domestic\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eWorkers\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003einto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ean\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eassertive\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eprotected\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebody\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewith\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efull\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003epotential\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003einject\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehandsome\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edirect\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecash\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eflow\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003einto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elower\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003emiddle class of the society and to improve their living standards, it\r\nmay turn this informal sector into a big industry with the tag \u0026quot;Domestic\r\nWorkers.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe Act has only elaborated and discussed\r\nthe rights of Domestic Workers and the employee\u0027s responsibilities thereof.\r\nStill, to cater to a huge informal sector, it was required to put some legal\r\nresponsibilities on the registered domestic workers. The Act is silent to tag\r\nthe Domestic Workers to escape themselves from work without any notice, who\r\nclaim sick leaves by making a false statement, and who fails to perform their\r\nduties as per terms and conditions of the employer\u0027s contract.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe Act has provided for the employment\r\nof a household\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eworker within the age of\r\n15 to 18 years also, but nothing is specified that who would sign the contract\r\non behalf of the minor worker; if the parents get the contract signed on behalf\r\nof the minor worker then whether it may not be a kind of slavery or forced\r\nlabor through next friend? The framing of Rules is the first step to seek the\r\nobjects of the enactment. Let\u0027s hope that the civic society and human rights\r\norganizations will convince the Executive to draft the Rules. Rather the Court\r\ninvokes the jurisdiction under Article 199 of the Constitution of Pakistan\r\n1973.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"