"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2014J19_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003ePROCEDURE FOR PROCURING EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eOratier\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  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Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in;text-justify-trim:punctuation\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003ePROCEDURE FOR PROCURING EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eBy\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eMuhammad Masood Asghar, Civil\r\nJudge, Gujrat\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eIt is observed as\r\na common practice in magisterial courts that \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eafter framing of charge and recording a \u0027not guilty\u0027 plea, prosecution \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ewitnesses are summoned by the court on its own\r\nmotion, in a mechanical \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003emanner and\r\nwithout there being an application filed in this regard as \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003erequired by law. Such a practice is not in\r\nconformity with the scheme of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003elaw and\r\nit not only violates the legislative intent but also breaches \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003evaluable right of accused to have a fair and\r\nimpartial trial. Often it is found that a witness who is summoned by the court\r\non its own, turns \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003ehostile to the case\r\nof prosecution, which actually is the result of \u0027suo \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003emotu\u0027 summoning of witnesses of prosecution. If\r\nprosecutor is put to his \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.95pt\u0027\u003echoice as\r\nper the mandate of section 244(2), Cr.P.C., such an \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eundesirable situation may well be avoided.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eAs per the\r\nprocedure for trials before Magistrate Court, set out \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003ein the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, Magistrate\r\nCourt after framing \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eof the charge, if\r\naccused does not plead guilty or is not convicted on his \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003econfession, is required only to hear the\r\ncomplainant and take all the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eevidence\r\nas may be produced by the prosecution in support of its case. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eRelevant provision of law in this regard is section\r\n244 of Code of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eCriminal Procedure\r\n1898 which states as follows:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003e244. Procedure when no such admission is made.--(1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e \u0026quot;If the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eMagistrate does not convict the accused under the preceding \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003esection or if the accused does not make such\r\nadmission, the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003emagistrate shall\r\nproceed to hear the complainant (if any), and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.9pt\u0027\u003etake all evidence as may be produced in support of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003eprosecution, and also to hear the accused and take\r\nall such \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eevidence as he produces in\r\nhis defence:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.5pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.5pt\u0027\u003eProvided that the Magistrate shall not be bound to hear any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eperson as complainant in any case in which the\r\ncomplaint has \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003ebeen made by a court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003e(2) The Magistrate may, if he thinks fit, on the application of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003ecomplainant or accused, issue a summons to any\r\nwitness \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003edirecting him to attend or to\r\nproduce any document or other \u003c/span\u003ething.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e(3) The Magistrate may, before summoning any witness on such \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eapplication, require that his reasonable expenses,\r\nincurred in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eattending for the\r\npurposes of the trial, be deposited in court:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003eProvided that it shall not be necessary for the accused to deposit \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eany such expenses in court in cases where he is\r\ncharged with an \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eoffence punishable\r\nwith imprisonment exceeding six months.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eIn view of the\r\nprovision of subsection (1) of section 244, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003eCr.P.C. reproduced above the word used with regard to the evidence of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ethe prosecution, is \u0027take\u0027 and it implies that the\r\nMagistrate has not been \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eenvisaged by\r\nthe legislators to compel or force the attendance or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eproduction of the prosecution evidence on its own,\r\nwhich is the function \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eand\r\nresponsibility of the prosecution/prosecutor. Magistrate would be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eunder an obligation to summon proposed prosecution\r\nwitness only in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003ecase when prosecution\r\nmakes an application in that regard under sub \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003esection (2) of section 244, Cr.P.C. and that too, if the Magistrate\r\nallows the application considering it fit to do so. The words \u0026quot;if he\r\nthinks fit\u0026quot; incorporated in subsection (2) of section 244 ibid imply that\r\na discretion has been vested by the legislature in the court. Whenever an\r\napplication \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003efor summoning of witness\r\nor witnesses is moved by either of the parties \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003ebefore it, court has to decide whether such application should be allowed\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eor not. In this regard court may have\r\nregard to considerations; whether \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003esuch\r\napplication is moved within reasonable time; whether it is moved \u003c/span\u003ebona\r\nfide; whether such application is not made with ulterior motive of \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eprolonging the trial or any other consideration\r\nwhich may be relevant \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003ehaving regard to\r\nthe circumstances of a particular case. Under sub-\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003esection (3) of section 244 set out above,\r\nMagistrate may also require \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003ereasonable\r\nexpenses; diet money of the witness proposed to be \u003c/span\u003esummoned, to be\r\ndeposited in court before issuing the summons or other \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003eprocess for his attendance. Notion perceived by some quarters of legal \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003efraternity that challan itself is an application\r\nfor summoning the \u003c/span\u003eprosecution witnesses is misconceived. Public\r\nProsecutor has to make a \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003econscious decision\r\nas to which of the witnesses he proposes to call first \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003efrom the calendar of witnesses (which is generally\r\nprepared by police). \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eThe order of\r\nproduction and examination of witnesses may have, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003edepending upon the particular facts and\r\ncircumstances of a case, a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003ematerial\r\nbearing on the result of trial. This decision of the public \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eprosecutor inter alia involves the consideration\r\nof the importance of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003etestimony of a\r\nparticular witness, his reliability for the case of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eprosecution, whether or not he has been won over\r\nby the defense side \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eand his capacity\r\nof divulging facts before the court accurately. If the Magistrate or other\r\ncourt summons witnesses of the prosecution on its own, such important decision\r\nof Public Prosecutor is taken away from \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003ehim unjustifiably and without any legal authority.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eIt would be\r\nappropriate here to read provisions of section 493 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eCode of Criminal Procedure 1898 with section 9(1)\r\nof the Punjab \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eCriminal Prosecution\r\nService (Constitution, Functions and Powers) Act \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003e2006 (Act III of 2006). These provisions transpire that public\r\nprosecutor \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003eis responsible for the\r\nconduct of prosecution on behalf of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003egovernment. For convenience both the provisions mentioned above are \u003c/span\u003eset\r\nout below:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.45pt\u0027\u003eSection 493. Public Prosecutor may plead in all Courts in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003ecases under his charge. Pleaders privately\r\ninstructed to be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eunder his direction.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The Public Prosecutor may appear and plead without any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003ewritten authority before any court in which any\r\ncase of which he \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ehas charge is under\r\ninquiry, trial or appeal, and if any private \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003eperson instructs a pleader to prosecute in any court any person \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003ein any such case, the Public Prosecutor shall\r\nconduct \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eprosecution, and the pleader\r\nso instructed shall act therein, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eunder\r\nhis directions.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003eSection 9. Conduct of prosecution. (1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e \u0026quot;The prosecutor shall \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ebe responsible for the conduct of prosecution on\r\nbehalf of the \u003c/span\u003eGovernment.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eHaving studied\r\nthese provisions, now it would be pertinent to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003ediscuss here what actions fall within the scope of the word\r\n\u0027prosecution\u0027. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eLiterally the word \u0027prosecution\u0027\r\nmeans to commence or to continue any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003elegal\r\naction. Prosecution with regard to the public prosecutor and \u003c/span\u003ecriminal\r\ncases does not mean merely to appear in court on the side of the \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eState and to argue the case for the prosecution,\r\nrather it encompasses \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003einter alia,\r\nmaking an opening statement at the start of a criminal trial, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eapplying for- the processes of court; summonses,\r\nwarrants of arrest, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eproclamations\r\neither for securing or compelling the attendance and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eevidence of the prosecution witnesses, examining\r\nthe prosecution \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003ewitnesses and\r\ncross-examining the defense witnesses and also \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eprosecution witnesses, in case they become hostile to the case of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eprosecution, submission of arguments and assistance\r\nto the court at all \u003c/span\u003estages of a criminal case. Therefore Public\r\nProsecutor should take all the \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003epains and\r\nresponsibility for initiating the procedure for compelling \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eattendance of its witnesses. Such procedure would\r\ninclude applying for \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003esummonses,\r\nbailable or non bailable warrants of arrest, proclamations \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eunder section 87, Cr.P.C. and attachment of\r\nproperty of its witnesses under section 88, Cr.P.C.. All these processes could\r\nbe issued on the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003erequest and\r\napplication of parties before court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eTo illustrate the\r\npoint further, supposing if in a given case, an \u003c/span\u003eaccused makes the court\r\nknown the names of the persons, he proposes to \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003ecall as witnesses in his defense, xould the court proceed to summon \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ethose proposed witnesses without any application,\r\nin this regard by or on \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ebehalf of the\r\naccused, the answer is obviously \u0027No\u0027. The reason behind \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ethis is that it is a strategic decision of parties\r\nbefore the court, which are \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eProsecution\r\nand the accused, to produce or withhold a witness, document or any material\r\nobject. Court cannot overtake such decision of the parties by summoning the\r\nwitnesses of parties in a mechanical manner, without \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eany application by the parties in that regard, as\r\nrequired and envisaged \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eby the\r\nlegislature under subsection (2) of section 244 of Code of \u003c/span\u003eCriminal\r\nProcedure, 1898 mentioned above. This is so because court is \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003erequired to keep the scales even.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eIn an adversarial system of justice like ours it is a\r\nbasic concept \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ethat the function of the\r\ncourt is to adjudicate upon the cases presented by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eparties through their respective evidence and not\r\nto procure the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eattendance and\r\nproduction of evidence of any one of the parties on its \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eown motion and the complainant/prosecution is only\r\none of the parties before the court. It is of utmost importance that the\r\nposition and status of \u003c/span\u003ethe court be distinguished from that of the\r\nprosecution. The court shall \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003emaintain its\r\nneutral and impartial status. Although court may ensure the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003ecompliance of its process for the attendance of\r\nany person required by it \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eand in this\r\nregard procedure for compelling appearance is available in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003edetail in Chapter VI, Cr.P.C. but there is no\r\nprovision in Code of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eCriminal\r\nProcedure 1898 which requires any court to compel the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eattendance and production of prosecution evidence\r\non its own motion. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eCourt shall not\r\nlose its much valued impartiality by summoning the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003eprosecution witnesses without any request in this\r\nregard by the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eprosecution. It is\r\nprosecutor on whom law lays down the responsibility \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eof conduct of prosecution, it thereby ensues that\r\npublic prosecutor shall \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003etake all the\r\npains and responsibility for initiating and getting the \u003c/span\u003eprocesses\r\nenforced from court, for procuring the attendance of its own evidence.\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;\r\npadding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;\r\npadding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003eWhat is commonly observed is that prosecutor does not make \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eany application for the summoning of any of the\r\nprosecution witnesses \u003c/span\u003enor does he apply for any warrant of arrest for\r\nany of his witnesses for compelling their attendance for evidence. All the\r\nprocesses are issued by \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ethe court on its own\r\nmotion and one can safely argue that if the court \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eissues processes of witnesses of the prosecution\r\nit should treat the other \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eparty\r\n(accused) alike. However it is rarely found that court would \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003esummon any witness of accused without any\r\napplication having been \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003efiled in that\r\nregard. This practice not only violates the legislative intent \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003ebut is also against the interest of justice. Every\r\nperson who is accused of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003ean offence\r\nbefore a court, has a right to have a fair trial and the term \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e\u0027fair trial\u0027 would include equal treatment for\r\naccused. It is high time to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eimpress\r\nupon the public prosecutors that they should consciously file an \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eapplication under section 244(2), Cr.P.C. in the\r\nexercise of their legal \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eright after\r\nevaluating the case and devising a strategy for the conduct of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003etrial in each particular case. In this manner\r\npublic prosecutor would have an opportunity to understand the case right from\r\nthe beginning and this \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003ewould help him\r\nin performance of his duties with regard to that case \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003elater on. Any default in the performance of these\r\nduties may hamper \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ecriminal trials and\r\nconsequently the duty of the State to punish offenders.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none;border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;\r\npadding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"