"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns:st1=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2012J29_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eBHURBAN DECLARATION AND\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"place\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"country-region\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"City\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"PlaceType\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"PlaceName\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"State\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2013-01-24T14:34:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2013-01-24T14:34:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e1\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e7385\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  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Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eBHURBAN\r\nDECLARATION AND\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eTHE ENVIRONMENTAL\r\nLAWS OF PAKISTAN\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eJawad Hassan \u003c/span\u003eAdditional Advocate-General \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003ePunjab\u003c/st1:place\u003e,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupreme Court, \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eIslamabad\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eRecently, the Supreme Court of\r\nPakistan held the South Asian Conference on Environmental Justice,, held in \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003eBhurban\u003c/st1:City\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e\r\non 24-25 March, 2012, brought. together Chief Justices and their designees from\r\nthe highest courts of \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003eAfghanistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e,\r\n\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003eBangladesh\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003eBhutan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003eIndia\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e,\r\n\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003eMaldives\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003eNepal\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nand \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003eSri Lanka\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003eMalaysia\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, and \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eIndonesia\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e held which was supported by,\r\nthe Asian Development Bank (ADB), United Nation\u0027s Environment Program (UNEP)\r\nand the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). At the end of\r\nthe Conference, the South East Asian Judiciaries adopted the Vision Statement\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nby declaring the Bhurban Declaration after developing an Action Plan for\r\nEnvironmental Justice, Governance, the Rule of Law and Sustainable Development\r\nin SAARC countries. The outcome of the Conference is to strengthen specialised\r\nenvironmental tribunals and establish green benches, where they exist and\r\nconsider establishing them where they do not exist. Therefore, the honourable\r\nChief Justices established the green benches in the Supreme Court and the High\r\nCourts under the respective Supreme Court and High Court Rules to hear the\r\nenvironmental cases similar to the other South Asian countries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThis paper will give the summary\r\nof the Pakistani environmental laws along with the case-law and will also\r\nexamine how the Courts will have the green jurisdiction to decide the environmental\r\ncases besides the Environmental\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e_______________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e1 \u003c/sup\u003ePaper at the\r\nThematic Group VII \u0026quot;Environmental Law and PIL\u0026quot; at the International\r\nJudicial Conference 2012 by the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan under\r\nthe auspices of National Judicial Policy Making Committee on 13-15 April, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e2 \u003c/sup\u003eLL.B, MA\r\n(Economics), AFC (\u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003eLondon\u003c/st1:City\u003e); LL.M Environmental\r\nLaw (\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003ePace University\u003c/st1:City\u003e, \u003cst1:State\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eNew York\u003c/st1:State\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e). This paper reflects the personal\r\nviews of the author.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e3 \u003c/sup\u003eFor details, see.\r\nwww.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/page\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eTribunals\r\nand Environmental Magistrates. However, the High Courts have the green\r\njurisdiction under section 23 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\r\n(the \u0026quot;Act\u0026quot;) being the appellate court of Environmental Tribunal and\r\nthe original jurisdiction under the writ jurisdiction. The Session Court also\r\nhas the jurisdiction under section 25 of the Act being the appellate court of\r\nthe Environmental Magistrate. Nevertheless, the jurisdiction of the\r\nEnvironmental Tribunal under section 20 and Environmental Magistrate under\r\nsection 24 of the Act is really confusing for the general public. Also, the Act\r\nbeing a `brown\u0027 law only covers air, water, noise, waste and land and does not\r\ncover the \u0027green\u0027 issues like forest, wildlife, wetlands, soil, species, waste\r\nland etc. Therefore, it was highly recommended in the Bhurban Conference that\r\nthe newly established Green Benches and \u003c/span\u003ethe Green Tribunal should be\r\nempowered to handle the green\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e issues like\r\nSouth Asian countries. For example, the Environmental Magistrates will only hear\r\nenvironmental cases under the Act and no other cases and will be also hearing\r\nthe green cases under the Forest Act, 1927 and the provincial wildlife laws and\r\nthe forest laws.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eExisting Environmental Legislation in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe cornerstone of environmental\r\nlegislation is the Act\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ewhich has\r\nsuperceded the Pakistan Environmental Protection\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e Ordinance promulgated in 1983.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e. Although this law is the\r\nmain federal environmental legislation, other laws also deal with issues of\r\nenvironment. In \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nthere are reams of \u003c/span\u003elaws protecting the environment which go no further\r\nthan the\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e statute book.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eConstitution of \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 itself contains no\r\nstatement of principles or policy in relation to the rights and obligations of\r\nthe State and its citizens with respect to the environment. The relevant\r\nArticles of the Constitution of Pakistan dealing with the\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e______________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e4 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eNo. XXIV of 1997, F. No. 2(1)/97-Pub. \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eThe Gazette \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.7pt\u0027\u003eof \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e (6 \u003c/span\u003eDecember,\r\n1997) (\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e5 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eNo. XXXVII of 1983, F. No. 17(1)/83-Pub. \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eThe Gazette \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.7pt\u0027\u003eof \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e (31 \u003c/span\u003eDecember,\r\n1983) (\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e Jawad Hassan\r\n\u0026quot;Judicial Intervention: Court Grants Relief for Violation of\u003cbr\u003e\r\nEnvironmental Rights\u0026quot; (1995) \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e2 \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003eMiddle East\u003c/st1:place\u003e Commercial Law Review \u003c/span\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eprotection of environment are\r\nArticles 9,\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e 14,\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e 184(3)\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e and 199(1)(c).\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nThese provisions were used in the landmark Supreme Court of Pakistan\r\nenvironmental law case of Shehla Zia v. WAPDA\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e in which the Supreme\r\nCourt held that right to life means right to a healthy environment, free from\r\npollution.\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e Recently, the honourable Chief Justice in SUO MOTU CASE\r\nNO.13 OF 2009\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e held that right to life implies the right to food;\r\nwater\u003csup\u003e.\u003c/sup\u003e, decent environment, education, medical care and shelter,\r\nthus fundamental right cannot be snatched away or waived off pursuant to any\r\nagreement. In the Bhurban Declaration, the honourable Chief Justice has\r\nrecommended for insertion of \u0026quot;Clean Environment\u0026quot; as a fundamental\r\nright in the Constitution of Pakistan,\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e like the right to\r\nenvironment in the Indian Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eExisting Federal Environmental\r\nLaw \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e1983 Ordinance\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eTo overcome the environmental\r\nproblems the Government drafted cornerstone legislation to protect the\r\nenvironment in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e,\r\nnamely the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983. It was the first\r\nclear-cut governmental commitment to environmental improvement: The 1983\r\nOrdinance enabled both Federal and Provincial legislatures to enforce and\r\ncontrol environmental pollution. The Ordinance established the Pakistan\r\nEnvironmental\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e______________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e7 \u003c/sup\u003eSee generally,\r\nConstitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, Art. 9 which provides\r\n\u0026quot;[t)hat no person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance\r\nwith law.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e See ibid, Art. 14\r\nwhich provides \u0026quot;[t)he dignity of man and subject to law the privacy of\r\nhome shall be inviolable.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e9 \u003c/sup\u003eSee ibid. Art..\r\n184(3) which recognizes the concept of public interest litigation. This Article\r\nmay grant relief to the extent of stopping the functioning of such units, which\r\ncreate pollution and environmental degradation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e See ibid. Art.\r\n199(1)(c) which provides for Public Interest Litigation. This Article can also\r\nprotect environmental degradation by issuing orders to the polluters.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e PLD (\u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e Legal Decision) 1994 SC (Supreme Court\r\nof \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e) 693 (\u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e12 \u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eJawad Hassan \u0026quot;Environmental Rights in a Human\r\nRight Context\u0026quot; (1998) LV \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003ePunjab\r\nUniversity \u003c/span\u003eLaw Journal, pages 69-90.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2011 SC 619\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e14 \u003c/sup\u003eClosing Remark of\r\nthe honourable Chief Justice of Pakistan at the Conference\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eProtection Council (PEPC) as the\r\nsupreme environmental policy-making body in the country and the Pakistan\r\nEnvironmental Protection Agencies both at the Federal and Provincial levels to\r\nadminister and implement the provisions of the Ordinance. Although little or no\r\naction appeared to I\u003csub\u003eI\u003c/sub\u003e have been taken under the Ordinance, as there\r\nwas no provision for the establishment of any tribunals in the Ordinance.\r\nTherefore, most of the provisions of the Ordinance remained in cold storage.\r\nMore importantly it read the environment only in negative terms such as\r\npollution\u0027 control without any courts. However, there was a need for an overall\r\ncomprehensive legislation for the environment to consolidate and update the\r\nexisting laws with the specialised tribunals and agencies.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe 1997 Act\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eBecause programs under the\r\nOrdinance have not prevented environmental pollution and degradation for 14\r\nyears, the Federal Government through the Pakistan Environmental Protection\r\nCouncil, drafted the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (the\r\n\u0026quot;Act\u0026quot;). The Act delegates powers to concerned federal and provincial\r\nagencies to check environmental pollution throughout the country and provides a\r\nlegal framework to cover air including pollution caused by motor vehicles,\r\nwater, soil, marine and noise pollution, waste disposal and handling of\r\nhazardous substances and conservation of biodiversity. The Provincial\r\nEnvironmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have been given enhanced statutory\r\nstatus as new Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures have been\r\nprovided.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Act provides for protection,\r\nconservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for prevention\r\nand control of pollution, and for the promotion of sustainable development. Its\r\njurisdiction extends to the whole of \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e and its territorial\r\nwaters, the Exclusive Economic Zone, and historic waters. The terms used in Act\r\nhave been clearly defined. It has been clearly provided that the Pakistan\r\nEnvironmental Protection Council is to approve national environmental policies\r\nwithin the framework of a national conservation strategy as may be approved by\r\nthe Federal Government from time to time. EPAs have been given statutory cover.\r\nProvincial Sustainable Development Funds have been established to provide financial\r\nassistance to suitable projects. Discharges or emissions in excess of the \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eational Environmental \u003c/span\u003eQuality \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eStandards or other standards established by the\r\nPakistan Environmental Protection Agency where ambient conditions so require,\r\nhave been prohibited. The Federal Government has been\u0027 empowered to levy \u003c/span\u003ea\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003epollution charge on persons not complying\r\nwith the NEQS. A two-stage environmental screening process has been introduced\r\nfor proposed projects involving filing of either an Initial Environmental\r\nExamination or, for projects likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, a\r\ncomprehensive EIA.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eImport\r\nof hazardous waste has been prohibited. Handling of hazardous substances has\r\nbeen prohibited except under licence. To ensure compliance with the NEQS, EPAs have\r\nbeen empowered to direct that motor vehicles shall install such pollution\r\ncontrol devices or use such fuels or undergo such maintenance or testing as may\r\nbe prescribed. EPAs have been empowered to issue an Environmental Protection\r\nOrder to deal with an actual or potential adverse environmental effect in\r\nviolation of the provisions of the Act. Environmental Tribunals have been\r\nconstituted with exclusive jurisdiction to try serious offences under the Act.\r\nMinor offences relating to pollution by motor vehicles, littering and waste\r\ndisposal and violation of rules and regulations will be tried by Environmental\r\nMagistrates. An aggrieved person can file a complaint with the Environmental\r\nTribunal after giving 30 days notice to the Federal Agency or the Provincial\r\nAgency concerned.\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eProblems \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.5pt\u0027\u003ewith Act highlighted in the hurban \u003c/span\u003eConference\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAfter\r\nthe 18th amendment of the Constitution, environment \u003c/span\u003eis \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ethe provincial subject, hence, all the Provincial\r\nGovernments are in a process of enacting Provincial environmental laws. But\r\nuntil the provincial laws enacted, the Act will continue. However, the Act\r\nillustrated that a slow but perceptible growth of environmental consciousness\r\nhad gradually developed in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e.\r\nThis public and government consciousness has emerged as a reaction to the\r\nneglect of \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u0027s\r\ndevelopment planning that had no regard to environmental factors. The result\r\nhas\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e________________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e15 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eJawad Hassan \u0026quot;\u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nEnvironmental Protection Act. 1997 - A New\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eHope \u003c/span\u003efor Environmental\r\nProtection\u0026quot; (March 1998) Environmental \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eNews\r\n\u003c/span\u003e(FPCCI\u0027s Environmental Magazine), pages 25-26\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003ebeen environmental degradation\r\nthat affects practically every door step in Pakistan.\u003csup\u003el6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Act became operational in\r\n1997 but has remained largely. unenforced because of the lack of public\r\nawareness regarding its existence especially with regard to the complaint\r\nprocedure an aggrieved person has to follow, the non-functioning of the\r\nEnvironmental Tribunals and Environmental Magistrates, irregular meetings of\r\nthe Council, the non-publishing of the National Environmental Report by the\r\nEPA, the lack of ambient air quality standards, stringent NEQS which are\r\ndifficult for industry to achieve, and a lack of trained and motivated\r\npersonnel in the EPAs. The Act is generally a \u0027brown\u0027 law covering air, water,\r\nland, \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003enoise and waste and does not cover the\r\n\u0027green\u0027 issues such as\u003c/span\u003e wildlife, forest, wetlands, endangered species\r\nand range lands. The judicial forums of tribunals and magistrates are\r\nconfusing.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003eKey PEPA Elements\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eTribunals\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Environmental Tribunals\r\nconstituted under \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003esection 20 of the Act have\r\nexclusive jurisdiction to try serious\u003c/span\u003e offences and to hear appeals but\r\nit only hears the cases under section 11 (Prohibition of discharges), section\r\n12, (EIA), section 13 (Hazardous waste) and section 16 (EPO). However,\r\ninitially the Tribunals in some provinces were not functioning but now\r\nfunctioning, hence, all the important judgments are being reported in the law\r\njournal, Corporate Law Decisions (CLD) developing the environmental jurisprudence.\r\nThe leading cases of the Tribunal is Shaheen Welfare case\u003csup\u003es\u003c/sup\u003e\u0027 in which\r\nthe Tribunal has explained in detail its functioning, purpose of the Act and\r\nprocedure of filing the complaints under the criminal procedure (Cr.P.C.) and\r\nthe appeals in the civil procedure (C.P.C.).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eMagistrates\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Civil Judges and Magistrates\r\nhave been empowered as Environmental Magistrates under section 24(1) of the\r\nPEPA by the High Courts to deal with offences under section 17(2) of the Act\r\nbut it only hears cases of minor\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e________________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e16 \u003c/sup\u003eDr. Parvez Hassan\r\n\u0026quot;Growth of Environmental Consciousness on \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u0026quot;, Viewpoint, Volume\r\nXV No. 19, 21 December, 1989, pages 11-14\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e17 \u003c/sup\u003e2005 CLD 1267\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003enature\r\nunder section 14 (Hazardous substance) and section 15 (motor vehicles). All the\r\nfour High Courts of the provinces in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e have empowered the\r\nMagistrates to deal with the given offences under the Act. In Allah Ditta v. M.\r\nRamzan\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e the High Court held that as per the Notification\r\nNo.152-JOB-1(5)/VI-E.28 dated 24-4-1997 issued by the Lahore High Court Lahore\r\nonly the learned Senior Civil Judges in the Province can try the offences in\r\nquestion as Environmental Magistrates and not the learned Judicial Magistrates\r\nas has been done in the present case.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ePakistan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e Environment Protection Council\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAfter\r\nthe enactment of the Act the primary duty to implement the provisions of the\r\nAct in the provinces is placed on the Provincial Environmental Protection\r\nAgencies/ Departments and, at the federal level, on the Pakistan Environmental.\r\nProtection Council (PEPC), which is the supreme environmental policy making\r\nbody in the country. Under section 3(4) of the Act, the PEPC should hold\r\nmeetings as when necessary, but not less than two meetings shall be held \u003c/span\u003ein\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ea year.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eRules and Regulations\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nAct is quite comprehensive because nearly every section has to be read with the\r\nrules and regulations prescribed under it. There has been a delay, in the\r\nnotification of the Rules and Regulations for implementing the provisions of\r\nthe Act. So far these Rules and Regulations have been notified:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(a)\r\n\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nEnvironmental Protection Agency Review of \u003c/span\u003eInitial Environmental\r\nExamination and Environmental\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e Impact\r\nAssessment Regulations 2000;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b)\r\nNational\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e????? \u003c/span\u003eEnvironmental Quality Standards\r\n(Certification of Environmental Laboratories) Regulations 2000;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(c)\r\nNational Environmental Quality Standards (Self-Monitoring and Reporting by\r\nIndustry) Rules, 2001;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(d)\r\nEnvironmental Samples Rules, 2001;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(e)\r\nHospital Waste Management Rules 2005:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e__________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e18 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e2005 \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eYLR \u003c/span\u003e650\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(f) Provincial Sustainable\r\nDevelopment Fund Board (Procedure) Rules, 2001;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(g) Provincial Sustainable\r\nDevelopment - Fund Board (Utilization) Rules 2003;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(h) Pollution Charge for Industry\r\n(Calculation and Collection) Rules, 2001:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(i) Environmental Tribunal Rules\r\n1999; and\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(j) \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e Bio-safety Rules 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e?\u003c/span\u003eThe Rules which have been drafted but not yet\r\nnotified by the Government are:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(a) Hazardous Substances Rules,\r\n2003;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(b) Administrative Penalities\r\nRules, 2001. Environmental Policies/Strategies and Plans\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe other legal development which\r\nenabled \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nto have a comprehensive and explicit national environment policy was the\r\napproval of the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in March 1992.\r\nThe NCS is designed as a broad-based policy program aimed at the sustainable\r\nuse of renewable resources, preventive action against pollution and other\r\nadverse effects of industrial and urban growth, mandatory environmental impact\r\nassessment of new projects, and ? more stringent controls on toxic chemicals\r\nand hazardous substances. NCS has 14 areas for policy action.\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nMoreover, \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nis formulating the provincial conservation strategies in collaboration with\r\nIUCN. The NCS sets out the basic guidelines for an integrated effort at protecting\r\nthe environment and natural resources of the country. This broad framework\r\nprovides a comprehensive point of reference for all agencies, departments,\r\nprivate sector companies, financial institutions, and donor agencies for\r\nundertaking systematic efforts at bringing about an effective change for\r\nsustainable . development.\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e The Government prepared National\r\nEnvironmental Policy, 2006,\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e_______________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e19 \u003c/sup\u003eMaintaining soils\r\nin cropland; increasing irrigation efficiency; protecting watersheds;\r\nsupporting forestry and plantations; restoring rangelands; protecting water\r\nbodies: conserving biodiversity; increasing energy efficiency: developing and\r\ndeploying renewables: preventing and abating pollution: managing urban waste:\r\nintegrating population and environment programmes; preserving the cultural\r\nheritage and supporting institution for common resources.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e Hassan, note 21 at\r\n198.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e??????? \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eNational\r\nDrinking Water Policy, National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan\r\n2011-2015, National Resettlement Policy, .2002 and the CDM.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eEnvironmental Jurisprudence---Green Precedents \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eSupreme Court Judgments on Environment\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIn\r\n1994, the Supreme Court of Pakistan delivered its landmark judgment in Shehla\r\nZia and others v. WAPDA,\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e (Shehla Zia case), where a petition was\r\nmade against the construction of a high voltage grid station by WAPDA in a\r\nresidential area of Islamabad. The residents of this neighbourhood, led by Ms.\r\nShehla Zia, contended that the electro magnetic radiation of the grid station\r\nwould likely be harmful to the health of the residents. The residents were also\r\nconcerned about the violations of the city\u0027s much prized green belt\r\nregulations.\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e The absence of specific environmental provisions in\r\nthe Constitution posed a serious problem in the conduct of the case. The\r\nSupreme Court, accepted these arguments and held that the right to life\r\nguaranteed by Article 9 of the Constitution included the right to \u003c/span\u003ea \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ehealthy environment.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e?? \u003c/span\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eShehla\r\nZia has been cited with approval in many subsequent cases in the Supreme Court\r\nand in subordinate courts. In General Secretary Salt Miners Labour Union (CBA)\r\nKhewra, \u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eJhelum\u003c/st1:place\u003e v. The Director, Industries and\r\nMineral Development, Punjab, \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e,\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e\r\n(Khewra Mines case), the petitioners sought enforcement of the right of the residents\r\nto have clean and unpolluted water against coal mining activities in an\r\nupstream area. The Supreme Court, citing Shehla Zia, stated that \u0027[T]he right\r\nto have unpolluted water is the right of every person wherever he lives\u0027.\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIn\r\n1994, in the Human Rights Case (Environment Pollution in Balochistan),\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nthe\u003csub\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e Supreme Court of Pakistan moved suo motu to prevent the dumping\r\nof imported industrial and nuclear waste into \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e. The Supreme Court noticed\r\na news item in a daily newspaper with respect\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e______________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e21 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003ePLD 1994 SC 693.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cst1:State w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eId.\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e 1994 SCMR 2061\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e24 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cst1:State w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eId.\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e,\r\n2070.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 1994 SC 102.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eto\r\nthe purchase of coastal areas of Balochistan for the dumping of industrial and\r\nnuclear waste.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIn\r\ndealing with noise pollution, the Supreme Court in\u003csup\u003e\u0027\u003c/sup\u003e \u003c/span\u003eIslamuddin\r\nv. Ghulam Muhammad,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003erestrained the \u003c/span\u003edefendants from creating\r\npublic nuisance in their workshops,\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e stating\r\nthat even noise made in carrying on a lawful trade, \u003c/span\u003eif \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003einjurious to the comfort of the community, is a\r\npublic nuisance.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nSupreme Court took suo \u003c/span\u003emotu \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eaction in \u003c/span\u003eIslamabad\r\nChalets and Pir Sohawa Valley Villas,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003erestraining the construction of chalets and\r\nvillas situated at a distance \u003c/span\u003eof \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003etwo\r\nkilometres of the Margalla Hills, where the housing scheme was launched. The\r\nhousing scheme in question would have had a direct bearing on the eco-system of\r\nthe Margalla Hills, and the overall environment of \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eIslamabad\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e, because of increased traffic,\r\ncongestion, noise pollution, diminishing greenery, annihilation of wildlife,\r\nunhygienic conditions due to sewerage, and frequent landslides due to loosening\r\nof soil and removal of rocks.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nSupreme Court also took suo \u003c/span\u003emotu \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eaction\r\nin the \u003c/span\u003eNew Murree Project.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIt stated that the New Murree Project posed\r\ngrave environmental hazards by destroying 5,000 acres of forest which would\r\nhave adversely affected the annual rainfall in Islamabad, with the result that\r\nthe supply of water to the nearby dams would be depleted. This, in turn, would\r\nresult in a decrease of drinking water to the twin cities \u003c/span\u003eof \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eRawalpindi\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e and \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eIslamabad\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\r\nby 50%. The project would also have used 4,111 acres of reserve forest in the\r\narea north \u003c/span\u003eof \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIslamabad\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e. The government undertook before the Supreme Court\r\nthat it will not cut any trees, would demolish project buildings, and would not\r\ncommence any construction until the requirements under the 1997 Act are\r\ncomplied with. It was also directed that the court be kept abreast of the\r\nprogress in the matter. Finally in 2010, the Supreme Court decided the case\r\nwith directions Environmental hazard of the proposed New Murree Project\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nthat need was to sensitize general public to fundamentals of sustainable\r\ndevelopment ,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2004 SC 633.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e27 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eSuo Motu case No. 13 of 2005, Report 2005-2006, SC of\r\nPakistan, Golden Jubilee Edition, 106.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e Suo Motu case No.\r\n10 of 2005,2010 SCMR 361 also see Report 2005-2006, SC of Pakistan, Golden\r\nJubilee Edition, 104.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e29 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e2010 SCMR 361\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eso\r\nas to achieve goal of healthy environment, not only for present population but\r\nalso for future generations. As the project had been disbanded, therefore,\r\nthere was no threat of environmental hazard in the area on account of the\r\nproject, thus no further action was called for in the proceedings.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIn\r\nSheri-CBE v. LDA,\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e the Supreme Court held that in view of the\r\nprovision of section 12 of the 1997 Act, the very commencement of construction\r\nwithout filing an IEE with the PEPA, was grossly illegal and was an offence\r\nunder the 1997 Act. It was further held that the Provincial High Courts must\r\nstrictly \u0027enforce the provisions of the 1997 Act and stay projects that have\r\nnot filed EIAs and obtained the necessary no objection certificates\u0027 (NOCs).\r\nThe Supreme Court accordingly stayed the construction of a multiplex cinema on\r\nthe area used by the residents for recreation. Moreover, the Supreme Court in\r\nFarooq Hameed v. LDA\u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e directed the demolish the highrise buildings\r\nin \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e which\r\nwere constructed with the requisite permission.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nSupreme Court, by taking suo motu action in Moulvi Iqbal Haider v. Capital\r\nDevelopment Authority, \u003c/span\u003e32 \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003erestrained\r\nand cancelled the lease agreement for the development of a mini golf course in\r\nIslamabad on the site of Jubilee Park, on the, ground that it would contravene\r\nfundamental rights of the general \u003c/span\u003epublic, \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eenshrined under Article 26 of the Constitution.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIn\r\nFarooq Hameed v. LDA\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e the Supreme Court held that provisions of\r\nPakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, demand environmental impact\r\nassessment of each of such projects before any plan for construction of same\r\ncould be sanctioned. \u003c/span\u003eAlso \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ein M. Shafiq\r\nv. Arif Hameed\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e the Supreme Court\u003csub\u003e.\u003c/sub\u003e held that in\u0027\r\nexercise of powers under Art.184(3) of the Constitution, could not make\r\narrangement for removal of filth from public places but could certainly issue\r\ndirections to the Municipal Committees, Corporations and other concerned\r\nagencies in the federal and provincial governments to take necessary steps and\r\nadopt measures to stop environmental pollution. Therefore, the concerned\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e__________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e30 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e2006 SCMR 1202.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e31 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e2008 SCMR 468 and 2008 SCMR 483\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2006 SC 394.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e 2008 SCMR 468\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2008 SC 716\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eSecretaries in the Federal as\r\nwell as Provincial Governments shall issue necessary directions to all\r\nconcerned including public representatives in the local bodies in urban and\r\nrural areas to keep proper check and control on the environment problem by\r\ndeputing special teams to inspect the local areas and take remedial steps and\r\nin case of any breach also initiate appropriate action in accordance with law.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eRecently in the \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eCutting Of Trees For Canal Widening Project, Lahore\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ethe Supreme Court held that green belt\r\naround both sides of the canal is a public trust resource and cannot be\r\nconverted into private or any other use other than public purpose. Thus\r\nwidening of the road is a public purpose and a minimum area is being affected\r\nand the remaining green belt/public park is much larger because said public\r\npark has been recommended by the Mediation Committee to be declared as \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:PlaceName w:st=\"on\"\u003eHeritage\u003c/st1:PlaceName\u003e \u003cst1:PlaceType\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePark\u003c/st1:PlaceType\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e and recommendations of the\r\nCommittee have been accepted by the Provincial Government in totality.\r\nHenceforth, the Doctrine of Public Trust, in circumstances, cannot be said to\r\nhave been compromised.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh Court Judgments on\r\nEnvironment\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eAccordingly, the impetus provided\r\nby the Supreme Court in Shehla Zia and the judgments that followed, began to\r\ndrive results in the country\u0027s High Courts as well. The Lahore High Court in \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eRana Ishaque v. DG, EPA and others\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003erestrained 121 industrial units of \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003ePunjab\u003c/st1:place\u003e, excluding those \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ethat\r\nhad already installed treatment plants, from discharging\u003c/span\u003e effluents into\r\ndrains and canals on a petition stating that these were being drained without\r\ntreatment. Consequently, most of the industries have been forced to install\r\ntreatment plants to avoid any future litigation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eWith respect to water pollution,\r\nin Mst. \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAmeer Bano v. S.E.Highways,\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ethe petitioner alleged that the sewerage \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003esystem in \u003cst1:State w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eBahawalpur\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e\r\nhad become totally unserviceable with\u003c/span\u003e the result that the dirty water\r\nhad collected in the form of ponds. The highway department was constructing the\r\nroads at a very high level and if it was allowed to continue, the overflowing\r\ndirty water would enter the residential houses. The court was of the opinion\r\nthat human life in the area\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e__________________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e2011 SCMR 1743\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e36 \u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eWrit Petition No. 671 of 1995.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e37 \u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ePLD 1996 \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\r\n592.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003emight be endangered, thus, the\r\nright to life would stand denied to a large number of citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe influence of Shehla Zia on\r\nPakistani environmental jurisprudence continues to this day as reflected in \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAnjum Irfan v. LDA,\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ea case in the Lahore High Court concerning\r\nthe setting of air and noise pollution standards under the 1997 Act. The court\r\nsuggested various measures for combating pollution, which included, inter alia,\r\nefficient utilization of solar energy, more plantations of trees, measures to\r\nintroduce electric rail cars, and increasing the role of the media in promoting\r\npublic awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe issue of air pollution was\r\nalso considered in \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ePakistan Chest Foundation\r\nv. Government of Pakistan,\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\r\n\u003c/span\u003ewhere the petitioners had filed a writ petition with the aim of stopping\r\ntobacco advertisements on Pakistani television. The Lahore High Court, while\r\naccepting the writ petition, brought the case within the \u0027right to life\u0027\r\nprinciple set out in Shehla Zia.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe model of using expert\r\ncommissions in complex issues has proved to be an effective device. In \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eCity District v. Muhammad Yusaf,\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ethe petitioners sought an environmentally\r\nappropriate solid waste disposal site in Mahmood Booti in \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e. In \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eSindh\r\nInstitute of Urology and Transplantation and others v. Nestle Milkpak Limited\r\nand others,\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e41\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ethe\r\nSindh High Court held that a landowner has a right to collect and dispose of\r\nall water within his own limits but that this right is not unfettered. Natural\r\nresources of the earth, including air, water, land, flora and fauna (especially\r\nrepresentative samples of natural eco-systems), must be \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003esafeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations.\u003c/span\u003e The\r\ncourt held that the \u0027public trust\u0027 doctrine in terms of the common law, means\r\nthat natural resources including air, sea, water, and forests, are held in the\r\npublic trust, and being a gift of nature, should be made freely available to\r\neveryone irrespective of their status. Even under Islamic law, certain water\r\nresources are to be protected from misuse and over-exploitation. Nestle filed\r\nan appeal before the Division Bench of the Sindh High Court, \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e{Nestle Milk Pack v. SIU7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e,42\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e_________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e38 \u003c/sup\u003e(PLD 2002 \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e 555. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ePLD 2003 \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e 439. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e40 \u003c/sup\u003e2003 CLC (\u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e) 576.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n1.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n1.2pt\u0027\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e 2005 CLC (\u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eKarachi\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e)\r\n424. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2007 \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eKarachi\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e 11.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003ewhich was dismissed on the ground\r\nthat extraction of the water from the aquifer in huge quantities would disturb\r\nthe environment of the area.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe issue of air pollution in the\r\ncity of \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:City\u003e was dealt with in Syed Mansoor\r\nAli Shah \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e?\u003c/span\u003ev. Government of Punjab,\u003csup\u003e43\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nwhere Mr. Justice Muhammad Sair Ali of the Lahore High Court appointed, in July\r\n2003, the Lahore Clean Air Commission to recommend measures for the improvement\r\nof \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\u0027s air\r\nquality. The commission set up sub-committees with respect to clean fuel,\r\nrickshaws, public transport and coordination with local councils. The Rickshaws\r\nSub-committee, for example, worked under the chairmanship of the Provincial\r\nSecretary, Environment, and the Clean Fuel Sub-committee worked under the chairmanship\r\nof the District Coordination Officer, \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e.\r\nAll the oil companies were invited by the Clean Fuel Sub-committee to support\r\nthe work of the commission, and some of their representatives attended a\r\nnational workshop in \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\r\nconvened by the commission to formulate a joint strategy for air quality. The\r\ncourt disposed of the petition by giving directions to the Transport\r\nDepartment, City District Government Lahore and the EPA to introduce CNG Euro\r\nII buses for public transport, phase out existing buses within two years by\r\nDecember 2007, set up dedicated bus lanes, implement a cap age of ten years for\r\nbuses, and ban four stroke rickshaws.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Sindh High Court in Islam\r\nHussain v. City District Government Karachi,\u003csup\u003e44\u003c/sup\u003e directed the DIG\r\nTraffic Police to . ensure that no smoke-emitting vehicle or one causing noise\r\npollution should ply the city of Karachi after three months from the day the\r\njudgment was passed in 2007, and further that strict action be taken against\r\nthe offenders.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe aspect of the application and\r\nimplementation of the provisions of the 1997 Act were raised in a number of\r\njudgments. In Amer Azam Bakhat v. Corporative Societies,\u003csup\u003e45\u003c/sup\u003e the\r\nLahore High Court stayed the, proposed construction of a supermarket and\r\nordered that no construction can commence until an EIA has been obtained from\r\nthe EPA in terms of section 12 of the 1997 Act.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e_________________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e43 \u003c/sup\u003ePLD 2007 \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e 411.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e44\u003c/sup\u003e 2007 CLC (\u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eKarachi\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e) 530.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e45\u003c/sup\u003e 2007 CLC (\u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLahore\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e) 374.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nDivision Bench of the Sindh High Court in Shehri-CBE v. Government of Pakistan,\u003csup\u003e46\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nrejected the EIA prepared by the Government and referred the case back to the\r\nSindh EPA for considering all the objections of the aggrieved parties. This\r\ncase concerned an opposition to construct a 94 MW natural gas-fire power plant\r\nand 3 million MGD desalination plant on the costal avenue of DHA Karachi.\r\nResidents protested the construction of the plant and filed an objection before\r\nthe Sindh EPA.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nPeshawar High Court, in Tandlianwala Sugar Mill v. NWFP,\u003csup\u003e47\u003c/sup\u003e held that\r\nafter considering the feasibility of the number of sugar mills in the area and\r\nconsidering hazards to the environment, the provincial government has powers to\r\nallow any number of sugar mills to operate.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eConclusion\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ePakistan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e is relatively better off than South Asian\r\ncountries in terms of its environmental laws. Provinces are also drafting their\r\nenvironmental laws with more strict provisions and enforcement and also\r\nconsidering the valuable recommendations of the Bhurban Conference of all the\r\nthree (3) groups. With the recent establishment of the Green Benches in the\r\nSuperior Courts due to the Bhurban Declaration and the insertion of a\r\n\u0026quot;Right to \u0027Environment\u0026quot; in the Constitution, Pakistan will become a\r\ngreen country because it has the required Act, Rules, Regulations, Policies,\r\nStrategies and remarkable judgments of the Superior Green Judiciary-which will\r\nalso match with its national colour the green flag with the green country\r\nsupported by the green judiciary (which dispenses the justice by balancing\r\nblack v. white, now green v. white-the colour of the flag) to keep it flying,\r\nalways.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eMILLENNIUM GOAL SEVENTH, THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003eBy\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eMuhammad Yasin Hatif \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAdvocate High Court\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nprogress of country to a great extent is measured\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e_______________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e46\u003c/sup\u003e PLD 2007 \u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eKarachi\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e 293.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e47 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003ePLD 2007 \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePeshawar\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\r\n68.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eby\r\nits industrial development. To survive in the world, every country needs to be\r\nnoticed and respected for what it produces and contributes to the world market.\r\nAlthough the other factors too involved in the progress but still those factors\r\nalone cannot take the country forward. Unfortunately, in our country the\r\nindustry and other sectors are on the, verge to deplete and no potential\r\nefforts have been made to revive the industry. The author has to face strong\r\nopposition in one of his cases when representative of the local Environmental\r\nProtection Agency (the \u0026quot;Agency\u0026quot;) addressed the court stating to\r\nforeclose industry to replenish the environment until the same qualify for the\r\nrequired National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS). The presumption\r\nattached to this approach \u003c/span\u003eis \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003erebuttable\r\nand does not seem viable.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nconcept of sustainable development is derived from the German term \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Sustained\r\nYield\u0026quot; \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ein the year 1713.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nAccording to the different sources, the concept of sustainability in the sense\r\nof a balance between resource consumption and reproduction was however applied\r\nto forestry in the 12th to 16th century. The notion underlying the concept is\r\nthat the sustained yield of timber is as aspect of man\u0027s most fundamental need\r\nto sustain life\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eDictionary\r\nmeaning of \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;sustain\u0026quot; \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eis to\r\nsupport or maintain, especially over a long period\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and\r\n\u0026quot;development\u0026quot; means an activity, action, or alteration that changes\r\nundeveloped property into developed property\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. A modern concept with\r\ndeep historical roots linking the verb \u0027sustain\u0027 with the suffix \u0027-able\u0027 and\r\ncoupling it with `development\u0027 was certainly a semantic innovations.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e_____________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Dr. Ina Ehnert:\r\n\u0026quot;Sustainable Human Resource Management\u0026quot;: A conceptual and Explanatory\r\nAnalysis from a Paradox perspective:\u0026quot; Physica-Verlag. Springer Company: \u003cst1:State\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eBerlin\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e Heidelberg 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e2 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eDr. Ina Ehnert: \u0026quot;Sustainable Human Resource\r\nManagement\u0026quot;: A conceptual and Explanatory Analysis from a Paradox\r\nperspective:\u0026quot; Physica-Verlag. Springer Company: \u003cst1:State w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eBerlin\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e Heidelberg 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e3 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eBlack\u0027s Law Dictionary, Seventh Edition, \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eBy \u003c/span\u003eBryan A. Garner, Pages 1461 and 462.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e4 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eBlack\u0027s Law Dictionary. Seventh Edition, By Bryan A.\r\nGarner, Pages 1461 and 462.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e5 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eCf. Simonis, U.E.: Nachhaltigkeit in internationaler Sicht\r\n? Festvortrag, in: Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Rates fur Landespflege, Heft\r\n74, \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eBonn\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e: DRL,\r\n2003, \u003csub\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003epp. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e2-9.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eMr. Justice Brian J. Preston6 has\r\ndescribed the principle of \u0026quot;Ecologically sustainable development\u0026quot;\r\nthat the concept of sustainable development involves a cluster of elements or\r\nprinciples, six are worth highlighting:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(1) Principle of sustainable use;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(2) Principle of integration;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(3) Precautionary principle;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(4) Inter-generational and\r\nintra-generational equity;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(5) Conservation of biological\r\ndiversity and ecology integrity; and\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e(6) Internalisation of external\r\nenvironmental costs.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe merit to have introduced the\r\nterm \u0027sustainable\u0027 into political language, however, belongs to the Club of\r\nRome.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e In March 1972, this globally operating think-tank published\r\nthe epoch-making report on the \u0027Limits to Growth\u0027, written by a group of\r\nscientists, led by Dennis and Donella Meadows of the \u0027Massachusetts Institute\r\nof Technology\u0027 (MIT). Describing the desirable \u0026quot;state of global equilibrium\u0026quot;,\r\nthe authors used the word \u0027sustainable\u0027: \u0026quot;We are searching for a model\r\noutput that represents a world system that is: 1. sustainable without sudden\r\nand uncontrolled collapse; and 2. capable of satisfying the basic material\r\nrequirements of all of its people. \u0026quot;\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eAs a matter of fact,\r\n\u0026quot;sustainable development\u0026quot; entered the Global stage during the 1992\r\n\u0026quot;Earth Summit\u0026quot; in \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eRio de\r\n  Janeiro\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e. The United Nations presented it as their\r\nstrategic concept for shaping and indeed saving the future of the blue\r\nplanet\u0026quot;.\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eIn \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eAustralia\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, the adjective\r\n\u0026quot;sustainable\u0026quot; is qualified by the word \u0026quot;ecologically\u0026quot; to\r\nemphasise the necessary integration of economy and environment. \u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e_________________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e Brian J. \u003cst1:place\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003ePreston\u003c/st1:place\u003e (born 10 July, 1958) is the Chief Judge of the\r\nLand and Environment Court of New South Wales.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e Meadows. D. et. al.:\r\nThe Limits to Growth, \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003eLondon\u003c/st1:City\u003e: \u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePotomac\u003c/st1:place\u003e\r\nAssociates, 1972, p: 158.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e Ibid.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e Ulrich Grober: Deep\r\nRoots\u0026quot; A _ conceptual history of \u0026quot;Sustainable development\u0026quot; Beim\r\nPrasidenten: Emeriti Projekte Feb 2007.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e http://www lec\r\nlawlink nsw cov au/aedbasev7wr/ assets/lec/m42o3o11721754/ p\u003c/span\u003ereston rinciples%2oofi%20ecologicallv%20sustainable%2odevelopment.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eIn 1987, the United Nations\r\nGeneral Assembly released the Report of Brundtland Commission on \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eEnvironment and Development (the\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:2.3pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Report\u0026quot;) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eformally known\u003c/span\u003e as \u0026quot;World Commission on Environment and\r\nDevelopment\u0026quot;\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003ewhich included\u003csup\u003e\u0027\u003c/sup\u003e the\r\nmost widely recognized definition of the sustainable development as\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Sustainable\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eDevelopment, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003ewhich implies meeting the needs of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ethe present \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003ewithout compromising the ability \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eof future generations \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eto \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003emeet \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003etheir\r\nown \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eneeds, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eshould \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ebecome\r\na central \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eguiding \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eprinciple of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003eUnited \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eNations; Governments \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eand. private institutions, organizations \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eand enterprises. \u0026quot; \u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e1 \u003c/sup\u003e`\u0027\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe Report further states that to\r\naddress the major environmental problems, the common interest of all countries\r\nto pursue policies aimed at sustainable development and environmentally sound\r\ndevelopment. The General Assembly agrees with the Report that while seeking to\r\nremedy existing environmental problems, it is imperative to influence the\r\nsources of those problems in human activity .and economic activity in\r\nparticular, and thus to provide for sustainable development.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eIn June, 1992, sustainable\r\ndevelopment served as the\u003csup\u003e,\u003c/sup\u003e central theme of the United Nations\r\nConference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the largest diplomatic\r\nconference ever held. The UNCED brought leaders and representatives from 180,\r\ncountries to Rio de Janerio, \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eBrazil\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\n\u0026quot;to elaborate strategies and measures to halt and reverse the effects of\r\nenvironmental degradation, \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.95pt\u0027\u003eto\u003c/span\u003e\r\npromote sustainable and environmentally sound development in all countries.\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eWhile submitting Report to\r\ncongress on sustainable\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e________________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e11 \u003c/sup\u003eThe Brundtland\r\nCommission\u0027s mission \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:2.4pt\u0027\u003eis \u003c/span\u003eto unite\r\ncountries to pursue \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003esustainable development.\r\nThe United Nations General Assembly on Report\u003csup\u003e\u0027\u003c/sup\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eof the World Commission on Environment and\r\nDevelopment bearing 42/187 \u003c/span\u003ein 96th Plenary meeting at 11 December, 1987\r\nrecognized in view of the global character of major environmental problems, the\r\ncommon interest of all countries to pursue policies aim at sustainable and\r\nenvironmentally, sound development.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e12 \u003c/sup\u003eUnited Nations\r\nGeneral Assembly. Report of the World Commission on\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n2.4pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eEnvironment and Development.http://www.an.ore/documents/ga/res/42/\r\n\u003c/span\u003earea42-187. htm\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e13 \u003c/sup\u003eUnited Nations\r\nGeneral Assembly. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.\r\nResolution 44/228. (New York: 22 December, 1989)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003edevelopment,\r\nUnited States Environmental Protection Agency elaborated the precise meaning of\r\nsustainable development in three tenants \u0026quot;first the sustainable\r\ndevelopment requires a long term perspective for planning and policy\r\ndevelopment; secondly sustainable development must build on and reinforce the\r\nindependence of our economy and our environment and thirdly the sustainable\r\ndevelopment calls for new, integrative, approaches to achieve economic, social\r\nand environmental objectives.\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThen\r\nagain in 2005, the United Nations General Assembly at \u0026quot;World Summit\u0026quot;\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nrefers the sustainable development as economic development, social development\r\nand environment protection: Even the indigenous people by using the United\r\nNations platform on Biological Diversity declares the forth pillar of\r\nsustainable the \u0026quot;Culture\u0026quot; and the Universal Declaration on Cultural\r\nDiversity (UNESCO 2001)\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e further elaborates the concept by stating\r\nthat Cultural diversity is as necessary for human kind as biodiversity is for\r\nnature.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nvalues and principles of sustainable have also been enshrined in the\r\n\u0026quot;Earth Charter\u0026quot;\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e which offer an integrated vision and\r\ndefinition of strong sustainability.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nUnited Nations Division for sustainable development lists the areas as coming\r\nwithin the scope of sustainable development.\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e Sustainable\r\ndevelopment is an eclectic concept, as a wide array of views fall under its\r\numbrella. The concept has included notions of weak sustainability, strong\r\nsustainability and deep ecology\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e and \u0026quot;Sustainable development\r\nis a strategy for allowing\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e____________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e14 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eSustainable\r\nDevelopment and the Environmental Protection Agency Report to Congress. Policy\r\nplanning and Evaluation (PM-219) United States Environmental Protection Agency.\r\nPage 2\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e15 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Interdependence\r\nand mutually reinforcing pillars\u0026quot;http://www.who.int/hiv/ universalaccess2010\r\n/world summit. pdf\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ehttp://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL\r\nID=13179\u0026amp;URL DO=DO TOPIC\u0026amp; URL SECTION+201.html\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ehttp://l.www.earthcharterinaction.org/content/pages/Read-the-Charter.html\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eUnited Nations Division for Sustainable Development-Document:\r\nSustainable Development Issues (http//www.un.org/esa/sustev/ documents/\r\ndoc-sdisscues.Retrieved.htm)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003e19 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(Visualizingsustainability)http://\r\ncomputingforsustainability.wordpress. com/2009/03/15visualising-sustainability/\r\n\u003c/span\u003eprogress to occur without destroying the environment\u0026quot;. \u003csup\u003e19A\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe field of sustainable\r\ndevelopment constitutes three parts-environmental sustainability, economic\r\nsustainability and social sustainability. Sustainable practices requires that\r\nwe use natural resources at a rate lower or equal to the rate nature can\r\nreplenish them \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eso \u003c/span\u003ethat whatever\r\ndamage is done to environment can be recovered by nature though natural\r\nrecovery.\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe framer of the Pakistan\r\nEnvironmental Protection Act 1997 (the \u0026quot;PEPA 1997\u0026quot;) and subsequently\r\nthe Punjab Environmental Protection (Amended) Act 2012 (the \u0026quot;Act\r\n2012\u0026quot;). have incorporated the idea of sustainable development from the\r\ndefinition of Brundtland Commission Report but have failed to appreciate\r\nindustrial development in the country. If the definition clause has been\r\nappreciated from the Report, the later resolutions of the United Nations on this\r\nissue should also be followed in its true perspective.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eEven the United Nations\r\nIndustrial Development Organization in Vienna 2004 included the notion of\r\nsustainable development in its Millennium Goals and states that the\r\nOrganization can make a critical direct contribution, through its various\r\ntechnical cooperation and global \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eforum \u003c/span\u003eactivities,\r\nto the achievement of four of the eight Millennium Development Goals\r\n(\u0026quot;MDG\u0026quot;) including the MDG 7, \u0026quot;to ensure environmental\r\nsustainability\u0026quot;.\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eOn Sustainable development widely\r\naccepted trend is the liability of the present generation to save the future\r\ngeneration to make sure that the current processes of interaction with the\r\nenvironment are pursued with the idea to keep the environment as pristine as\r\nnaturally possible.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe major threat to\r\nsustainability is the environmental degradation. Such degeradation\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e\r\non a global\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e_______________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e19A Environmental Science \u0026quot;A\r\nsystem approach to sustainable development\u0026quot; By Daniel D. Chriras. Page 6\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nwww.environment.about.com\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e21 \u003c/sup\u003eUnited Nations\r\nIndustrial Development Organization Vienna, 2004, \u0027The f Role of Industrial\r\nDevelopment in the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, Vienna 1-3\r\nDecember 2003, Compendium Edition.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e Environmental\r\nDegradation occurs when humans start exploiting a freely available natural\r\nresource beyond a limit from where natural recovery isn\u0027t\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e?\u003c/span\u003epossible? \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003escale\r\ncould imply extinction for humanity. To cope with the situation and to strike a\r\nbalance to achieve sustainable development without collapse of the industrial\r\nsector, the .state of equilibrium is necessary and the presumption \u0026quot;to\r\nsustain balance\u0026quot; in the current scenario apparently seems to be feasible.\r\nThree positions might arise while dealing with the cases of environment. First,\r\nis the degradation wherein the concept of sustainability vanished when\r\nconsumption of renewable resources are at a level more than nature\u0027s ability to\r\nreplenish. Second, the state of equilibrium when consumption of renewable\r\nresources are equal to the nature\u0027s ability to replenish and the third one\r\nwhich could be the ideal stage where consumption of renewable resources are\r\nless than the nature\u0027s ability to replenish. These three stages i.e. the\r\ndegradation, equilibrium and renewal might be the \u003csub\u003e.\u003c/sub\u003eyardstick to\r\ngauge the level of environmental measures.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nunderlying concept behind sustainable development is to avoid degradation.\r\nSecond stage amongst the three stages supports the concept of equilibrium and\r\nby propagating that very concept, the closedown of industry could be avoided in\r\nline with the definition of Brundtland Commission. Although, if there is cause\r\nfor deep concern, there is cause for hope too and the third stage apparently\r\nseems to be an ideal one must be appreciated in context for achieving required\r\nobjectives but sustainability, after having gone through the preceding\r\ndefinition and conferences on the same, does not mean an end to progress or\r\ncompromise on ecology or to unbalance the stability of the system rather\r\nsustainability in light of second stage i.e. \u0026quot;to strike a balance\u0026quot;\r\nwhere consumption of renewable resources are equal to nature\u0027s ability to\r\nreplenish without sudden and uncontrolled collapse to the industry.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eEconomic\r\ngrowth and development obviously involve changes in the physical ecosystem.\r\nEvery ecosystem everywhere cannot be preserved intact.\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e A\r\ndevelopment path that combines growth with reduced vulnerability is more\r\nsustainable than one that does not.\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e The PEPA 1997 as well as the\r\nAct 2012 establishes a clear presumption \u003c/span\u003ein \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003efavour of sustainable development in its preamble\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e and in the\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e___________________________\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e\r\nhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e Preamble is gateway\r\nto any statute; it is bedrock to understand the scope, \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003epurpose and object of any statute. [PLD 2010 Kar. 236] [PLO 2007 Kar.\r\n293)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003edefinition clause; however, the\r\nfundamental principle of sustainable development that is \u0026quot;to balance the\r\necology and industry\u0026quot; or the \u0026quot;economy, society and environment\u0026quot;\r\nis absent from the said statues. The Hon\u0027ble High Court has comprehended the\r\nnotion of sustainable development in Shehri C.B.E. v. Government of Pakistan\u003csup\u003e26\r\n\u003c/sup\u003ethat: -\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;It is essential to maintain\r\na balance between \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eindustrialization and\r\necology and that\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003edevelopment \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e environmental protection must progress,\r\nit is in consonance with such principle that Pakistan Environmental Protection\r\nAct, 1997 has een enacted \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eand enforced and\r\nthus its mandate should\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ebe honoured \u003c/span\u003ein\r\nits true letter and spirit.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eThe notion of sustainable\r\ndevelopment has been a low priority for the Agency which, of course, is a\r\ndivergence from the gateway to sustain balance. To achieve the balance many techniques\r\nand methods could be implemented; amongst those the environmental monitoring\r\nmight be the effective way to avoid disintegration. Monitoring is a steady\r\nmethod which could be appreciated until the state of equilibrium is attained\r\nfor restructuring industries. To make this process transparent, the neutral\r\nbody should be employed which may consist of technicians/experts to examine the\r\nenvironmental hazard and such body may recommend to the proponent the\r\nprotective measures to be adopted in a particular time frame and if so\r\nconsented by the proponent might achieve the level of equilibrium and in case\r\nfailure to meet the goal due to non cooperation by the proponent, the proponent\r\nmight face stiff penalties by the competent authority.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eEnvironmental Sustainability\r\ncan\u0027t be achieved without vital co-operation of the Agency. The preceding Acts\r\nprovides umbrella to achieve these objectives. The relevant provisions of the\r\nsaid Acts entail schemes and system to be adopted by the proponents and the\r\nAgency is to supplement them to improve environment and even the Agency is\r\nbound \u0026quot;to take measures to promote research and the development of science\r\nand technology which may contribute to the\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e____________________\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e 2007 CLD 783 (\u003cst1:City\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eKarachi\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e) at page 801 \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eprevention of pollution, protection of environment,\r\nand sustainable development\u003csup\u003e?27\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nenvironmental sustainability must be appreciated as a first priority and if the\r\nwheel of progress is to continue, the balance between industry and ecology is\r\nnecessary and the Agency should keep in place sufficiently detailed and clear\r\nguidance that enables communities, developers and regulators to ensure that\r\nsustainable development is central to local decision making and that a planning\r\nsystem with guidance as provided in the PEPA 1997 as well \u003c/span\u003eas \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ethe Act 2012 is in place that protects the natural\r\nenvironment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n  \r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"