"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2011J53_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003e305\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003efarhan\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastPrinted\u003e2003-07-20T21:06:00Z\u003c/o:LastPrinted\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e2\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e2501\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e14261\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e118\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e33\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e16729\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e11.5606\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotHyphenateCaps/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e9.35 pt\u003c/w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e2\u003c/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003efalse\u003c/w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotUnderlineInvalidXML/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:SelectEntireFieldWithStartOrEnd/\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:UseWord2002TableStyleRules/\u003e\r\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Font Definitions */\r\n @font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 3 4 5 5 2 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\" l r     \";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:SimSun;\r\n\tpanose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:    ;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:134;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:swiss;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"\\@MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"\\@SimSun\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:134;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;}\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nh1\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:1;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-font-kerning:0pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh2\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh3\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:3;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh4\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:4;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in 1.0in 88.3pt 1.5in 1.75in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tcolor:black;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh5\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:5;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh6\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:6;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:7;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:8;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.45pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:right;\r\n\ttext-indent:.5in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:9;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\tpunctuation-wrap:simple;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.MsoFootnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\nspan.MsoEndnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\np.MsoEndnoteText, li.MsoEndnoteText, div.MsoEndnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:20.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tline-height:13.9pt;\r\n\tmso-line-height-rule:exactly;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:-.15pt;}\r\np.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:63.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:1.0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\r\n\t{color:blue;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\r\n\t{color:purple;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np\r\n\t{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.style5, li.style5, div.style5\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style5;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Plain Text\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltC, li.AltC, div.AltC\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+C;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltA, li.AltA, div.AltA\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+A;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltB, li.AltB, div.AltB\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+B;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltDCenter, li.AltDCenter, div.AltDCenter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Heading 2\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltK, li.AltK, div.AltK\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+K;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltR, li.AltR, div.AltR\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+R;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in right 4.4in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.Alt-1, li.Alt-1, div.Alt-1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-1;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.Alt-O, li.Alt-O, div.Alt-O\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-O;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.HeaderFooter, li.HeaderFooter, div.HeaderFooter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Header \u0026 Footer\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 2.2in right 315.35pt;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.style2, li.style2, div.style2\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style2;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.style3, li.style3, div.style3\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style3;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltQ, li.AltQ, div.AltQ\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+Q;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;}\r\np.PageXofY, li.PageXofY, div.PageXofY\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Page X of Y\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.grame\r\n\t{mso-style-name:grame;}\r\nspan.spelle\r\n\t{mso-style-name:spelle;}\r\np.byline, li.byline, div.byline\r\n\t{mso-style-name:byline;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.Lastprinted, li.Lastprinted, div.Lastprinted\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Last printed\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.hit1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:hit1;\r\n\tcolor:windowtext;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\nspan.bold1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:bold1;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.loose, li.loose, div.loose\r\n\t{mso-style-name:loose;\r\n\tmargin-top:10.5pt;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.underline1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:underline1;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\n /* Page Definitions */\r\n @page\r\n\t{mso-footnote-separator:url(\"2011J53_files/header.htm\") fs;\r\n\tmso-footnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J53_files/header.htm\") fcs;\r\n\tmso-endnote-separator:url(\"2011J53_files/header.htm\") es;\r\n\tmso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J53_files/header.htm\") ecs;\r\n\tmso-facing-pages:yes;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.5in 189.35pt 1.9in 1.5in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:1.1in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:123.85pt;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n /* List Definitions */\r\n ol\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\nul\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\r\n style=\u0027border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eTHIRD GENERATION\r\n  RIGHTS   GREEN RIGHTS\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eQaisar Zaman\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  Advocate, Lahore\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n  text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n  color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:2\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003ePublished in:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eCorporate Law Decisions\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:3\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eYear of Publication:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eSuggested Citation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011 CLD Journal Section p.43\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/table\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA clear-cut and authoritative definition\r\nfor the term environmental rights does not exist. Birnie and Boyle define\r\nenvironmental human rights as: \u0027terminology used to ascribe value or status to\r\nthe interests and claims of particular entities. Churchill defines the term\r\nbroadly as the right of an individual or group to a decent environment that\r\nextends beyond what is judicially enforceable but limited to genuine rights as\r\nthey are found in existing human rights treaties.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\r\n Environmental right  is the term used to describe both existing human rights\r\nwith environmental implications (or derivative rights) and the emerging right\r\nto a clean and healthy environment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ninterconnectedness of environmental issues and human rights is, however,\r\nconspicuous. But it is crystal clear that  human rights violations lead to\r\nenvironmental degradation and environmental degradation leads to human rights\r\nviolations . The term environmental rights is used quite often in contemporary\r\nliterature on sustainable development to describe the human rights aspect of\r\nthis very principle, or, as stated in the preamble of the Draft Declaration on\r\nHuman rights and the Environment:\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esustainable development links \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.44) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ethe right to development and the right to a\r\nsecure, healthy and ecologically sound environment .\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:\r\nedn2\u0027 href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAccording\r\nto Hill, Wolfson and Targ now-a-days a repeated recognition of a rights-based\r\napproach to environmental protection exists. Such recognition demonstrates that\r\na right to a clean and healthy environment, whether as a separate, codified\r\nright or as the result of repeated application of other human rights to\r\nenvironmental harms, has become an international legal norm .\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027 href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e The currently existing human rights\r\ninstruments contain several provisions with environmental implications. Certain\r\nprovisions from human rights instruments might not have been drafted for\r\nenvironmental purposes, but the terms and wording of these provisions are\r\nabstract enough for interpretation by judicial bodies. Now-a-days there seems\r\nto be consensus on the  green possibilities  of some human rights provisions.\r\nThe most cited are the right to life, the right to property, right to health\r\nand other basic procedural and democratic rights. It is obvious that the\r\nviolation of these rights in turn results in destruction of local environment\r\nand as a consequence cause harm to local communities and the landscape by way\r\nof landslides, drought, erosion, flooding, and (more) fires. The most serious\r\nand direct threat from degradation of environment is acid rain, poor air quality,\r\npoorer visibility, polluted water and eroded soil etc. The effects are both\r\nlocal and regional and are suffered by all: men, women, children, migrant\r\nworkers and indigenous peoples.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eGlobal Developments and Soft-Law\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThere\r\nare various international conventions wherein the green rights have been\r\nsafeguarded over a few decades. Those are as under:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eUN s Stockholm Conference, \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eWorld Charter for Nature, \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eRio Declaration (UNECD)/Earth Summit,\r\nAgenda 2, Earth Charter, \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.45) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\r\n1985 Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that\r\nDeplete the Ozone Layer,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate\r\nChange,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eKoyoto Protocol,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1971 Convention on Wetlands of\r\nInternational Importance,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1972 Convention on Protection of the World\r\nCultural and Natural Heritage,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1973 Convention on International Trade in\r\nEndangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1979 Convention on the Conservation of\r\nMigratory Species of Wild Animals,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1992 Convention on Biological Diversity\r\netc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThese\r\nare protected by the UNEP, IUCN etc. and the ICJ.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nRio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992, the United Nations Draft\r\nPrinciples on Human Rights and the Environment and the Plan of action as\r\nadopted by the 2002 Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development all place\r\nmore and more emphasis on human rights to a clean and healthy environment. A specific\r\nhuman right to a clean environment does not currently exist. Environmental\r\nrights are, however, emerging but what is the status of these environmental\r\nrights, a global endeavor or enforceable hard law? It seems safe to endorse the\r\nconclusion by Hill, Wolfson and Targ:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e One\r\nthing that can be said for sure is that internationally, the right to a clean\r\nand healthy environment has not reached the enforceable \u0026quot;hard law\u0026quot;\r\nstage as yet .\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027 href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSustainable\r\ndevelopment has however become the  core of international environmental\r\npolicy . The above-\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.46) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ementioned instruments\r\nand their respective provisions are believed to be capable of  immediate\r\nimplementation by human rights bodies through existing rights to life, health,\r\ndevelopment and procedural rights of due process, public participation and\r\naccess to effective remedies .\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eRight to Life and Health- Global Judicial\r\nScenario\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eChile\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nChile, in the case of Juan Pablo Orrego Silva et al. v. Empresa Electrica\r\nPangue S.A. the plaintiffs opposed the construction of the Biobio dam, alleging\r\nthat water shortages and flooding would adversely affect the right to life of\r\nthe local communities. The court agreed with the stance of plaintiff.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eArgentina\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe Argentinean case Bustos Miguel y Otros v. Direccion de Fabricas Militares,\r\nthe Court stated in 1986: It is obvious that environmental harm finds legal\r\ncoverage in positive law because it prejudices life, health and the\r\npsychological and physical integrity of those who   (are affected by) polluting\r\nsubstances \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLater\r\non, in the 1993 case Margarita v. Copetro SA the court asserted that pollution\r\narising from a coal burning industry, and particularly as a result of the\r\ncancerous substances that emanated from it, constituted a violation of the\r\nright to life, as recognized in the regional human rights instruments. This was\r\nbefore the right to the environment was recognised in the Argentinean\r\nConstitution.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe case Almada Hugo N. v. Copetro and others, the court considered that in\r\nsituations of environmental pollution the rights to life and health are\r\ndirectly affected and threatened. And in Margarita v. Copetro SA, the Camara\r\nCivil y Comercial de La Plata stated that any change to the environment also\r\nhas an impact on the quality of life.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ePeru\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA\r\n1993 decision by the Peruvian Supreme Court concerning the protection of a\r\nmangrove area from coastal shrimp farming industries constitutes an important\r\ncontribution to the definition of the right to a healthy \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.47) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eenvironment by\r\nincorporating the principle of sustainable development. Upholding the lower\r\ncourt s decision, the Court said that it was more profitable for the present\r\nand future development of the region to preserve and sustainably manage the\r\nmangroves rather than risk their depletion. The court ordered all shrimp farms\r\nin the mangrove area to suspend\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003etheir\r\noperations and to restore them to their natural state.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eIndia\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eM.C. Mehta case,\u003c/i\u003e it was invoked\r\nto prevent construction within one kilometre of two lakes located near Delhi\r\nand same was decided. Thereafter, in the \u003ci\u003eTaj Trapezium Case\u003c/i\u003e, the Supreme\r\nCourt ordered a number of industries in the area surrounding the Taj Mahal to\r\nrelocate or introduce pollution abatement measures in order to protect the Taj\r\nMahal from deterioration and damage. Following the decision of \u003ci\u003eVellore\r\nCitizen s Case and Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action Case\u003c/i\u003e,\u003ca\r\nname=\"_ftnref98\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003ethe Supreme Court described the PP (Precautionary\r\nprinciple) as environmental measures which must  anticipate, prevent and\r\nattack  the causes of environmental degradation. In \u003ci\u003eS. Jagannath case\u003c/i\u003e,\u003ca\r\nname=\"_ftnref99\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003ethe precautionary approach was relied on to curtail\r\ncommercial shrimp\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efarming\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eIndia s\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecoastal\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eareas.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eThe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecommercial user\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eagriculture\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elands\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esalt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efarms\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewere discharging\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehighly\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003epolluting\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eeffluents,\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand causing pollution of water. Normal\r\ntraditional life and vocational activities of the local population of the\r\ncoastal areas were being seriously hampered. In \u003ci\u003eM.C. Mehta (Tanneries) case\u003c/i\u003e\u003ca\r\nname=\"_ftnref100\"\u003e, \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://www.unhchr.ch/environment/bp4.html#_ftn100\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:_ftnref100\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:0pt\u0027\u003ehttp://www.unhchr.ch/environment/bp4.html\r\n- _ftn100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:_ftnref100\u0027\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:_ftnref100\u0027\u003e\u003c/span\u003ethe Court ordered to relocate 550\r\npolluting tanneries operating in Calcutta.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ePakistan\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eGreen rights are also protected by the\r\nfollowing Pakistani laws:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eArticles 9, 14, 25 and 142 of Constitution of Pakistan, 1973\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003ePakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eArticle\r\n9 of the Constitution of Pakistan states that no person shall be deprived of\r\nlife or liberties save in accordance with the law. The Supreme Court in \u003ci\u003eShehla\r\nZia s\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn5\u0027 href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/i\u003e case\u003ca name=\"_ftnref31\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:_ftnref31\u0027\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.48) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003edecided that the Article 9 includes  all such\r\namenities and facilities which a person born in a free country is entitled to\r\nenjoy with dignity, legally and constitutionally . The petitioner questioned\r\nwhether, under Article 9 of the Constitution, citizens were entitled to\r\nprotection of law from being exposed to hazards of electro-magnetic field or\r\nany other such hazards which may be due to installation and construction of any\r\ngrid station, any factory, power station or such like installations. In this\r\ncase\u003ca name=\"_ftnref32\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003eSalem Akhtar, J. commented that \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e Under\r\nour Constitution, Article 14 provides that the dignity of man and subject to\r\nlaw, the privacy of home shall be inviolable. The fundamental right to preserve\r\nand protect the dignity of man and right to  life  are guaranteed under Article\r\n9. If both are read together, question will arise whether a person can be said\r\nto have dignity of man if his right to life is below bare necessity line\r\nwithout proper food, clothing, shelter, education, health care, clean\r\natmosphere and unpolluted environment. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe\r\nPakistan Law Commission Case\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_edn6\"\r\nname=\"_ednref6\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/i\u003e,\u003ca\r\nname=\"_ftnref33\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003ea human rights case, dealt with the meaning of Article 9\r\nof the Constitution. The Supreme Court of Pakistan held that:  Article 9 of the\r\nConstitution which guarantees life and liberty according to law is not to be\r\nconstrued in a restricted and pedantic manner. Life has a larger concept which\r\nincludes the right of enjoyment of life, maintaining adequate level of living\r\nfor full enjoyment of freedom and rights.  In another human rights case against\r\ncigarette companies\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, the petitioner sought a\r\nban on cigarette commercials on television. In his view, the western companies\r\nwere unable to sell cigarettes in their own countries and they were aiming at\r\nthe developing countries. He added that they were using the advertising to that\r\nend and this has resulted in catastrophic calamities in the form of cancer and\r\nheart disease. The Supreme Court stated that the citizen could get protection\r\nunder Article 9 because right to life includes quality of life as well.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eArticle\r\n9 was explained again in the \u003ci\u003eSalt Miners Case\u003c/i\u003e\u003ca name=\"_ftnref36\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003ewhere\r\nthe petitioner sought to enforce the right of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.49) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eresidents to have clear\r\nand unpolluted water. They contended that if the miners were allowed to\r\ncontinue their activities, which were extended in the water catchment area, the\r\nwatercourse, reservoir and the pipelines would get contaminated. The Court held\r\nin favour of the petitioner and said that if the water becomes contaminated, it\r\nwould cause serious threat to human existence and the general public would be\r\nunder serious threat. The Court gave a broad meaning to the word life and\r\nstated that:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e The\r\nword  life   .cannot be restricted to a vegetative life or mere animal\r\nexistence. In hilly area where access to water is scarce, difficult or limited,\r\nthe right to have water free from pollution and contamination is a right to\r\nlife itself. This does not mean persons residing in another part of the country\r\nwhere water is in abundance, do not have such right. The right to have\r\nunpolluted water is the right to every person wherever he lives. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eEnvironment\r\nPollution in Balochistan case\u003c/i\u003e, the Supreme Court took account of a news\r\nitem which contained that certain businessmen were planning to purchase coastal\r\nareas of Balochistan, a province in Pakistan, and turn the area into a dumping\r\ngrounds for waste material. The authorities were ordered by the court to insert\r\na clause in the allotment letter/licence/lease that the allotee or the tenants\r\nshall not use the land for dumping, treating, burying or destroying by any\r\ndevise, waste of any nature including industrial or nuclear waste in any form.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e2.4\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \r\n\u003c/span\u003eRight to Equality\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eArticle\r\n25 of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with right to equality. It states that\r\nall citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law\r\nand that there shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex alone. The\r\nConstitution of Bangladesh provides similar rights to the citizens. Article 27\r\nprovides that all citizens are equal before the law and are entitled to equal\r\nprotection of law. The principle requires that no person or class of persons\r\nshall be denied the same protection of law which is enjoyed by other persons in\r\nlike circumstances in their lives, liberty and property and pursuit of\r\nhappiness.\u003ca name=\"_ftnref39\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003eRight to equality along with the right to\r\nlife can guarantee the right to a healthy environment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.50) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eThe Constitution of\r\nIndia and Bangladesh provides that all are equal before the law and shall be\r\naccorded equal protection of the law. Equality before law means that, among\r\nequals, law shall be equal and shall be equally administered. Equal protection\r\nof law means that all persons in like circumstances shall be treated alike and\r\nno discrimination shall be made in conferment or imposition of liabilities.\r\nAccording to the Indian Constitution, Article 14 states that:  The State shall\r\nnot deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection before\r\nthe laws within the territory of India.  If Article 14 is infringed, it can\r\nhave an impact on the environment and human rights. The urban environmental\r\ngroup frequently takes resort to Article 14 to quash  arbitrary  municipal\r\npermissions for construction that are contrary to development regulations.\r\nArticle 14 can be used to challenge government sanctions for mining and other\r\nactivities with high human rights and environmental impact, where the\r\npermissions are arbitrarily granted without adequate consideration of\r\nenvironmental impacts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nright to equality before the law does not require that all persons must be\r\ntreated exactly the same way. What is required is that the justification for\r\ndifferentiation must be legitimate. So far, in Pakistan, it is needed to\r\nstrengthen the application of this fundamental right for the protection of\r\nenvironmental human rights.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eProposals or views\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThere\r\nare certain humble suggestions regarding future developments in order to safeguard\r\nthe green rights.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eTo enhance public awareness at large,\r\nespecially in the corporate sector, of the environmental rights and protection.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eTo ensure that persons promoting the\r\nprotection of environment rights are not penalized, persecuted or harassed for\r\ntheir activities that are within the legal boundaries of a Pakistan. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eThere is dire need to adopt new instruments,\r\nmechanisms and procedures to implement environmental principles in the society.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eTo affirm the link between human rights\r\nand environmental protection as an essential tool in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.51) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eeradication of poverty\r\nand the achievement of sustainable development.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eLegal techniques and such other concepts\r\ncan be instrumental to treat economic, environmental and human rights norms in\r\nan integrated manner.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eTo support the growing recognition of a\r\nright to a secure, healthy and ecologically sound environment, either as a\r\nconstitutionally guaranteed entitlement/ right or as a guiding principle of\r\nnational and international law.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eDeveloping arrangements for assisting\r\ncapacity-building (including technical cooperation) to promote an integrated\r\napproach to human rights and environmental protection.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003ePromoting programmes to sensitize decision\r\nmakers, including public officials, legislators and members of the judiciary,\r\nas to the need to develop a sense of commitment to the protection of human and\r\nenvironmental rights and to adopt more holistic approaches to integrate the\r\nrequirements of sustainable development in the interpretation and application\r\nof national and international norms for the protection of those rights and\r\nsustainable development concepts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eEnhancing mechanisms for receiving and\r\naddressing citizen s complaints in the field of environment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\r\nmso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\r\nSymbol\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eThere is significant need for\r\nmetamorphosis of mass psychology and thorough overhauling of education system\r\nfor imparting basic environmental education on large scale.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSave\r\nthe planet,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebecause \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ewe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehave\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003enowhere\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eelse\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto go to.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltDCenter\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e----------\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltDCenter\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltDCenter\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltDCenter\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote-list\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEndnotes]\u003e\u003cbr clear=all\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chr align=left size=1 width=\"33%\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c![endif]\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027 href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;color:black;mso-fareast-language:\r\nZH-CN\u0027\u003eA.E. Boyle \u0026amp; M.R. Anderson (eds.), Human rights approaches to\r\nenvironmental protection, p. 89\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn2\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn2\u0027 href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\u0027\u003eUN Commission on Human\r\nRights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of\r\nMinorities, Human Rights and the Environment, Final Report of the Special\r\nRapporteur (Mrs. Ksentini), UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/9 (6 July 1994)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027 href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:\r\nZH-CN\u0027\u003e\u0026lt;http://www.earthjustice.org/regional/international/\r\n2002%20issue%20paper-develop-mentsfinal.pdf, p.5\u0026gt;.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn4\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027 href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\u0027\u003eB.E. Hill, S. Wolfson,\r\nN.Targ, Human rights and the environment: a synopsis and some predictions, Geo.\r\nInt l. Envrtl. L. Rev. Spring (2004) [hereinafter Hill et al.] p.32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn5\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn5\u0027 href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027color:#333333\u0027\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;\r\nmso-ansi-language:EN-GB\u0027\u003eShehla Zia v. WAPDA,\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\u0027\u003e PLD 1994 SC 693)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn6\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027color:#333333\u0027\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;\r\nmso-ansi-language:EN-GB\u0027\u003eThe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eEmployees\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ePakistan\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eLaw\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eCommission\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ev.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eMinistry\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eWorks\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e1994 SCMR 1548.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn7\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:.3in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in\u0027\u003e\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:12.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027color:#333333\u0027\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;\r\nmso-ansi-language:EN-GB\u0027\u003eAmanullah Khan v. Chairman, Medical Research Council\r\n1995 SCMR 202. See also, Pakistan Chest Foundation v. Government of Pakistan\r\n(1997 CLC 1379)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"