"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2011J50_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003e305\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003efarhan\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastPrinted\u003e2003-07-20T21:06:00Z\u003c/o:LastPrinted\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e2\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e4867\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e27745\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e231\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e65\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e32547\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e11.5606\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotHyphenateCaps/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e9.35 pt\u003c/w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e2\u003c/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003efalse\u003c/w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotUnderlineInvalidXML/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:SelectEntireFieldWithStartOrEnd/\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:UseWord2002TableStyleRules/\u003e\r\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Font Definitions */\r\n @font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 3 4 5 5 2 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\" l r     \";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:swiss;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"\\@MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nh1\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:1;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-font-kerning:0pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh2\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh3\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:3;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh4\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:4;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in 1.0in 88.3pt 1.5in 1.75in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tcolor:black;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh5\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:5;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh6\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:6;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:7;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:8;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.45pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:right;\r\n\ttext-indent:.5in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:9;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\tpunctuation-wrap:simple;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.MsoFootnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\nspan.MsoEndnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\np.MsoEndnoteText, li.MsoEndnoteText, div.MsoEndnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:20.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tline-height:13.9pt;\r\n\tmso-line-height-rule:exactly;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:-.15pt;}\r\np.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:63.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:1.0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\r\n\t{color:blue;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\r\n\t{color:purple;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np\r\n\t{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.style5, li.style5, div.style5\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style5;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Plain Text\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltC, li.AltC, div.AltC\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+C;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltA, li.AltA, div.AltA\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+A;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltB, li.AltB, div.AltB\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+B;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltDCenter, li.AltDCenter, div.AltDCenter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Heading 2\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltK, li.AltK, div.AltK\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+K;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltR, li.AltR, div.AltR\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+R;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in right 4.4in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.Alt-1, li.Alt-1, div.Alt-1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-1;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.Alt-O, li.Alt-O, div.Alt-O\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-O;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.HeaderFooter, li.HeaderFooter, div.HeaderFooter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Header \u0026 Footer\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 2.2in right 315.35pt;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.style2, li.style2, div.style2\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style2;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.style3, li.style3, div.style3\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style3;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltQ, li.AltQ, div.AltQ\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+Q;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;}\r\np.PageXofY, li.PageXofY, div.PageXofY\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Page X of Y\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.grame\r\n\t{mso-style-name:grame;}\r\nspan.spelle\r\n\t{mso-style-name:spelle;}\r\np.byline, li.byline, div.byline\r\n\t{mso-style-name:byline;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.Lastprinted, li.Lastprinted, div.Lastprinted\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Last printed\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.hit1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:hit1;\r\n\tcolor:windowtext;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\nspan.bold1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:bold1;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.loose, li.loose, div.loose\r\n\t{mso-style-name:loose;\r\n\tmargin-top:10.5pt;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.underline1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:underline1;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\n /* Page Definitions */\r\n @page\r\n\t{mso-footnote-separator:url(\"2011J50_files/header.htm\") fs;\r\n\tmso-footnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J50_files/header.htm\") fcs;\r\n\tmso-endnote-separator:url(\"2011J50_files/header.htm\") es;\r\n\tmso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J50_files/header.htm\") ecs;\r\n\tmso-facing-pages:yes;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.5in 189.35pt 1.9in 1.5in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:1.1in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:123.85pt;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n /* List Definitions */\r\n ol\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\nul\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\r\n style=\u0027border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eTERRITORIAL\r\n  JURISDICTION ON CYBER DEFAMATION IN PAKISTAN S PERSPECTIVE\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eMuhammad Zaheer\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  Advocate High Court\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  Lahore\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n  text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n  color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:2\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003ePublished in:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eCorporate Law Decisions\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:3\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eYear of Publication:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eSuggested Citation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011 CLD Journal Section p.7\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/table\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe rapid evolution of information\r\ntechnology (IT) is transforming our society and its institutions. Where\r\noriginally only some specific sectors of society had rationalized their working\r\nprocedures with the help of information and communication technology, now\r\nhardly any sector of society has remained unaffected.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThese\r\ndevelopments have given rise to exceptional economic and social changes, but\r\nthey also have a dark side, the emergence of new types of crime as well as the\r\ncommission of traditional crimes by means of new technologies. Moreover, the\r\nconsequences of criminal behavior can be more far-reaching than before because\r\nthey are not restricted by geographical limitations or national boundaries.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e \u003cu\u003eCyber\r\nDefamation\u003c/u\u003e  is the most complicated problem in the cyber world. \u003ca\r\nname=\"OLE_LINK4\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"OLE_LINK3\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK4\u0027\u003eIt\r\nis a crime committed in cyberspace, normally through the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK3\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK4\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:\r\nnone;text-underline:none\u0027\u003eInternet\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK3\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK4\u0027\u003e, with the\r\naim of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation\"\r\ntitle=Defamation\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK3\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:\r\nOLE_LINK4\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:\r\nnone\u0027\u003edefaming\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK3\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK4\u0027\u003e others\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.  Cyber defamation is not\r\ndifferent from conventional defamation except the involvement of a virtual\r\nmedium: A defamatory article can be published in a newspaper or on a website.\r\nPublishing through a website would amount to cyber defamation. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn recent\r\nyears, defamation on the Internet has become one of the blistering topics of\r\nInternet law. Within a short span of time, a number of social networking sites\r\nand Internet blogs have been developed and are continuously increasing in both\r\npopularity and use. People share a good deal of information, good and bad,\r\namongst themselves, which may amplify the chances of defamation and libel\r\nagainst a certain group or individual. Once the defamatory content/article is\r\ncirculated on the Internet, its recovery and damage control is not easy to\r\nhandle; besides, the process is time-consuming.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eThe damage caused to the victim is huge, especially if the act of libel\r\nis intended to harm the reputation of an individual or a business.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.8) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eNevertheless, this\r\narticle is not an attempt to discuss cyber defamation and its seriousness.\r\nRather, I will just analyze a critical question of territorial Jurisdiction of\r\nPakistani Courts in a matter, where a person puts some offensive contents on\r\ninternet, from any other place with a motive to spread it worldwide and the\r\nsame contents would become comprehensible to third party in Pakistan. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eIn Pakistan s Perspective\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eOne\r\nof the major features of Cyber defamation is that it will often have been\r\ntransmitted across national boundaries and where defamatory statements cross\r\nstate borders, inevitable application of international law are surely invoked,\r\nwherein difficult questions are raised such as what country (or countries)\r\nshall have jurisdiction, what country\u0027s law should govern the action (the\r\nchoice of law question) and if a decree is obtained, how can it be enforced if\r\nthe defender lives outside the jurisdiction of the court etc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNonetheless,\r\nthe issue of Territorial Jurisdiction in Cyber Defamation is somehow a new sort\r\nof activity, which is not so familiar in the courts of this country, and such\r\nnew developments require various dimensions and depths in order to resolve the\r\nissue of maintainability of such litigation at particular place or places. Even\r\nthough, the procedural law of Pakistan (C.P.C) and few actions taken by the\r\nCourts of Pakistan will certainly help us to determine this issue. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eCode of Civil Procedure\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n19(1) says  \u003cu\u003ewhere a suit is for compensation for wrong done to the person or\r\nto movable property, if the wrong was done within the local limits of the\r\njurisdiction of one Court and the defendant resides, or carries on business, or\r\npersonally works for gain, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of\r\nanother Court, the suit may be instituted at the option of the Plaintiff in\r\neither of the said Courts.\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eIllustrations\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(b)\r\nA, residing in [Karachi] publishes in [Dacca] statements defamatory of B. B may\r\nsue A in [Dacca] or [Karachi].\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA\r\nbare reading of section 19 C.P.C. leaves no room for doubt that the plaintiff\r\nhas an option to file a suit at the place where the wrong (tort of defamation)\r\ncompleted (done). \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.9) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eThe word  wrong done \r\ncomprises of facts starting from commission of act to its resultant effect (2).\r\nFor instance, a newspaper is published in United Kingdom or United State of\r\nAmerica but it also circulates in Pakistan and if it contains some defamatory\r\nstatements regarding a person who resides in Pakistan and who has good\r\nreputation in Pakistan, the said person can sue in Pakistan because when the\r\nnewspaper reaches in Pakistan, and the said defamatory statements become\r\ncomprehensible to the people of Pakistan, the wrong will be done in Pakistan to\r\nthe person defamed and he has an option to institute the suit either at UK/USA\r\nor in Pakistan on both scores i.e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nsame situation applies on internet defamation as the act of wrong (tort of\r\ndefamation) starts when an author puts some defamatory contents on internet\r\nfrom any place but completed on other place where the person against whom the\r\ndefamatory contents was published, defamed because he has good market\r\nreputation on that place and due to the acts of the Author, his reputation\r\nsuffered.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eRecently,\r\nthe Honorable High Court, Lahore has directed to impose a ban on Facebook\r\nalleging a competition created by a Facebook user who set up a page called\r\n Draw Mohammed Day,  inviting people to send in caricatures of the Prophet\r\nMuhammad (PBUH) on May 20. It is worthwhile to mention here that in this\r\nmatter, the Facebook, is based on United States, the facebook user who set up a\r\nblasphemy page was a foreigner, the blasphemous page to be uploaded on this\r\nwebsite from abroad with the intention to spread it worldwide. However, the\r\nhonourable Lahore High Court has assumed its Jurisdiction and took an action\r\nagainst this  \u003cu\u003eShetani Harkat\u003c/u\u003e  because the  wrong done  was completed\r\n(done) in Pakistan for the people of Pakistan where the page was displayed\r\nthrough Facebook which immense cause to hit the sentiment of the People of\r\nPakistan. (3) \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eBesides\r\nabove, the learned District and Session Judge Lahore has passed the order on an\r\nApplication under sections 22-A and 22-B of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898\r\nfiled by Mr. Muhammad Azhar Siddiqui for registration of criminal case against\r\nthe owners of Facebook (Mr. Mark Elliot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eZuckerberg\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eMr.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eDustin\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eMoskovitz),\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewriters, the artiest (Mr. Andy) and the management of Facebook who\r\ncommitted\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eheinous and serious crime under section 295-C\r\nof the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860. The learned Additional District and Session\r\nJudge Lahore has \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.10) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003edirected the SHO P.S.\r\nCivil Lines, Lahore to record the statement of the Petitioner and proceed\r\nfurther according to law.(4)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\n2006, the Supreme Court of Pakistan assumed jurisdiction over a matter of\r\nblasphemy on internet. In pursuant to a \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petition\" title=Petition\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none\u0027\u003ePetition\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\r\nfiled by Dr. \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Imram_Uppal\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;redlink=1\"\r\ntitle=\"Mohammed Imram Uppal (page does not exist)\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;\r\ntext-decoration:none;text-underline:none\u0027\u003eMohammed Imram Uppal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e under\r\nArticle 184(3) of the \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan\"\r\ntitle=\"Constitution of Pakistan\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:\r\nnone;text-underline:none\u0027\u003eConstitution of Pakistan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, the Supreme\r\nCourt on March 1, 2006 directed the \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan\"\r\ntitle=\"Government of Pakistan\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:\r\nnone;text-underline:none\u0027\u003egovernment\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e to keep tabs on Internet sites\r\ndisplaying the Prophet Muhammad cartoons. Besides above, the Supreme Court has\r\ndirected the Police to register against a Danish cartoonists and editors and\r\npublishers of Danish, Irish, Norwegian, French and Italian newspapers for\r\nreproducing the said cartoons. (5)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ePosition in Other Countries\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eBare\r\nreading of section 19, C.P.C as well as the decisions taken by Pakistani Courts\r\nas mentioned above, gives no space for any doubt that the Pakistani Courts\r\nshall have Jurisdiction on the above subject-matter. However, it would be more\r\nappropriate to see as to how the Courts in developed countries look into such\r\nsimilar cases. And what are their views about jurisdiction, maintainability and\r\ntort of defamation?\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nDow Jones and Company Inc v Gutnick [2002] HCA 56; 210 CLR 575; 194 ALR 433; 77\r\nALJR 255 (10 December, 2002) (6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nfacts of the cited case are that Dow Jones \u0026amp; Company Inc. ( Dow Jones ) had\r\noperated WSJ.com subscription news site on the World Wide Web. The information\r\nat WSJ.com includes Barron s Online in which the text and pictures published in\r\nthe current printed edition of Barron s magazine used to be produced.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nedition of Barron\u0027s Online for 28th October 2000 (and the equivalent edition of\r\nthe magazine which bore the date 30th October, 2000) contained an article\r\nentitled \u0026quot;Unholy Gains\u0026quot; in which several references were made to the\r\nrespondent, Mr. Joseph Gutnick. Mr. Gutnick contended that part of the article\r\ndefamed him. He brought an action in the Court of Victoria against Dow Jones\r\nclaiming damages for defamation as Mr. Gutnick lived in Victoria and had his\r\nbusiness headquarters over there. The primary judge recorded in his reasons\r\nthat Mr. Gutnick \u0026quot;seeks to have his Victorian reputation vindicated by the\r\ncourts of the State in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit.\r\np.11) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ewhich\r\nhe lived and that he was indifferent to the other substantial parts of the\r\narticle and desired only that the attack on his reputation in Victoria as a\r\nmoney-launderer should be repelled and his reputation\r\nre-established\u0026quot;.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe Trial Court at\r\nVictoria concluded that the statements of which Mr. Gutnick sought to complain\r\nwere \u0026quot;published in the State of Victoria when downloaded by Dow Jones\r\nsubscribers who had met Dow Jones\u0027s payment and performance conditions and by\r\nthe use of their passwords\u0026quot; and therefore the contention of Dow Jones\u0027s\r\nthat the publication of the article in Barron\u0027s Online occurred at the servers\r\nmaintained by Dow Jones in New Jersey in the United States, was rejected.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eDow\r\nJones sought Leave to Appeal to the Court of Appeal of Victoria but that Court\r\n(Buchanan JA and O\u0027Bryan AJA) refused Leave to Appeal, holding that the\r\ndecision at first instance was plainly correct. By special leave, Dow Jones\r\npreferred Appeal before the High Court of Australia to impugn the concurrent\r\nfinding. But the appeal of Dow Jones by High Court of Australia was also\r\ndismissed with cost whereby maintaining jurisdiction of the Court within which\r\nplace the publication of the offending material was presented in comprehensible\r\nform i.e. Victoria where the respondent Mr. Gutnick who was victim of\r\ndefamation was subjected to loss of reputation and where the offending material\r\nwas downloaded and communicated to the other to the manifest detriment of his\r\nesteem. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nis necessary that a publisher in a cyberspace would be bound to take account of\r\nthe law of every country on earth, for there were no boundaries which a\r\npublisher could effectively draw to prevent anyone, anywhere, downloading the\r\ninformation, it put on its web server.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\npara-151 of the judgment\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e Dow Jones  of\r\nthe High Court of Australia in support of said contention which, inter alia,\r\nholds as under:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e151.\r\nIn a cause of action framed in defamation, the publication of the material\r\nwhich damages the reputation of the plaintiff is essential. Merely creating and\r\nmaking the material available is insufficient. The material has to be accessed\r\nor communicated in a jurisdiction where the plaintiff has a reputation. That\r\nwill usually be the place where the plaintiff is resident. Unlike product\r\nliability or some other \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit.\r\np.12) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003enegligence\r\nclaims, damage to reputation cannot occur \u0026quot;fortuitously\u0026quot; in a place\r\noutside of the defendant\u0027s contemplation \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/56.html#fn186\"\r\ntarget=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e[187]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Where a person or corporation publishes material which\r\nis potentially defamatory to another, to ask the publisher to be cognisant of\r\nthe defamation laws of the place where the person resides and has a reputation\r\nis not to impose on the publisher an excessive burden. At least it is not to do\r\nso where the potential damage to reputation is substantial and the risks of\r\nbeing sued are commensurately real. Publishers in the United States are well\r\naware that few, if any, other jurisdictions in the world observe the approach\r\nto the vindication of reputation adopted by the law in that country.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nreference can be made to paras 199, 200, 201 from the portion of the judgment\r\nauthored by the Justice Callinan which may be reproduced for appreciating the\r\nwisdom laid thereon with reference to issue under consideration:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e199.\r\nThe appellant\u0027s submission that publication occurs, or should henceforth be\r\nheld to occur relevantly at one place, the place where the matter is provided,\r\nor first published, cannot withstand any reasonable test of certainty and\r\nfairness. If it were accepted, publishers would be free to manipulate the\r\nuploading and location of data so as to insulate themselves from liability in\r\nAustralia \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/56.html#fn234\"\r\ntarget=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e[235]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, or elsewhere: for example, by using a web server in a\r\n\u0026quot;defamation free jurisdiction\u0026quot; or, one in which the defamation laws\r\nare tilted decidedly towards defendants. Why would publishers, owing duties to\r\ntheir shareholders, to maximise profits, do otherwise? The place of\r\n\u0026quot;uploading\u0026quot; to a web server may have little or no relationship with\r\nthe place where the matter is investigated, compiled or edited. Here, the State\r\nwhere the matter was uploaded was different from the State in which the article\r\nwas edited. Matter may be stored on more than one web server, and with\r\ndifferent web servers at different times. Different parts of a single web page\r\nmay be stored on different web servers in different jurisdictions. Many\r\npublications in this country, whether by television, radio, newspaper or\r\nmagazine originate in New South Wales. The result of the adoption of a rule of\r\na single point of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.13) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003epublication as submitted\r\nby the appellant, is that many publications in Victoria, South Australia,\r\nTasmania, Western Australia and Queensland would be governed by the \u003ca\r\nhref=\"http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/repealed_act/da197499/\"\r\ntarget=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:\r\nnone\u0027\u003eDefamation Act 1974\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (NSW) which provides, in its present form,\r\nfor a regime by no means commanding general acceptance throughout this country.\r\nChoice of law in defamation proceedings in this country raises a relatively\r\nsimple question of identifying the place of publication as the place of comprehension:\r\na readily ascertainable fact.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e200.\r\nI agree with the respondent\u0027s submission that what the appellant seeks to do,\r\nis to impose upon Australian residents for the purposes of this and many other\r\ncases, an American legal hegemony in relation to Internet publications. The\r\nconsequence, if the appellant\u0027s submission were to be accepted would be to\r\nconfer upon one country, and one notably more benevolent to the commercial and\r\nother media than this one, an effective domain over the law of defamation, to\r\nthe financial advantage of publishers in the United States, and the serious\r\ndisadvantage of those unfortunate enough to be reputationally damaged outside\r\nthe United States. A further consequence might be to place commercial\r\npublishers in this country at a disadvantage to commercial publishers in the\r\nUnited States.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e202.\r\nFinally, Victoria is a clearly appropriate forum for the litigation of the\r\nrespondent\u0027s claim to vindicate his reputation which has been attacked in\r\nVictoria, as well, plainly as elsewhere. For myself I would see no immediate\r\nreason why, if a person has been defamed in more than one jurisdiction, he or\r\nshe, if so advised might not litigate the case in each of those jurisdictions.\r\nHowever, that issue does not arise here as the respondent has offered an\r\nundertaking to proceed in Victoria only. The proceedings should be neither\r\nstayed nor set aside.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\n[1996] 3 All ER 929 Shevill and others v. Presse Alliance SA) (7) A French\r\nnewspaper with only a limited circulation in England published an article claiming\r\nthat the first plaintiff, an English national domiciled in England, and the\r\nbureau de change in Paris at which she worked, had been involved in laundering\r\ndrug money. The plaintiffs (including the French company which operated the\r\nbureau de change) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.14) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ebrought proceedings in\r\nEngland against the newspaper, alleging that they had been defamed by the\r\narticle. The defendant newspaper applied to the court to have the proceedings\r\nstruck out on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction to hear the action\r\nbecause the plaintiffs were not suing in \u0027the place where the harmful event\r\noccurred. The newspaper contended that the place where the harmful event\r\noccurred was France and that no harmful event had occurred in England. The\r\nJudge dismissed the application to strike out, and on appeal his decision was\r\naffirmed by the Court of Appeal. The newspaper appealed to the House of Lords,\r\nwhich referred a number of questions to the Court of Justice of the European\r\nCommunities, which ruled that, on a proper construction of the expression\r\n\u0027place where the harmful event occurred\u0027 in Art. 5(3), the victim of a libel by\r\na newspaper article distributed in several contracting states could bring an\r\naction for damages against the publisher either in the courts of the\r\ncontracting state of the publisher, in which case the courts had jurisdiction\r\nto award damages for all the harm caused by the defamation, or in the courts of\r\neach contracting state in which the publication had been distributed, in which\r\ncase the courts had jurisdiction to rule solely in respect of the harm caused\r\nin the state of the court seised of jurisdiction. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\n[1999] EMLR 735, Schapira v. Ahronson and others) (8) The plaintiff was an\r\nIsraeli citizen who since 1985 had been resident in London and had become a\r\ncitizen of the UK. He complained of two articles in an Israeli newspaper\r\nwritten in Hebrew and printed in Israel. The writs were served in England (so\r\nthe burden of proof was the opposite to that in the present case), and the\r\nclaim was limited to \u003ca name=\"HIT_40\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_40\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication\r\nof the two articles in England, where the circulation totalled 141 and 19\r\nrespectively, compared with a circulation of nearly 60,000 in Israel.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eMost\r\nimportant of factors in favour of a trial in England to be as follows:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e (1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThere\r\nwas publication in England so that if the plaintiff\u0027s case is well-founded the\r\ntort of libel was committed in England.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nplaintiff has sued in respect of publication in England, not on publication in\r\nIsrael or anywhere else.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.15) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nplaintiff and his family have lived in England for 14 years and he has been a\r\nUK citizen for 10 years. His wife is English by birth and his children go to\r\nEnglish schools. He is a businessman in England and wants to be vindicated\r\nhere.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ndefendants chose to include the words complained of in newspapers which they\r\nknew would be sent to subscribers in England, whereas, I have said, the\r\nplaintiff lived.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(5)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nplaintiff will be the principal witness on his side of the case.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nplaintiff would like speedy trial by jury, both of which are available in\r\nLondon but probably not in Israel. The same applies to a statement in open\r\ncourt if such becomes appropriate, which statement would appear in the press,\r\nand it is not suggested that such facilities exist in Israel. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nimportant factors in favour of a trial in Israel were said by the judge to be:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e (1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ntotal circulation of the newspaper is 58,900. The first article was circulated\r\nto 141 subscribers in the United Kingdom, the second to only 19, plus one copy\r\nto the Israeli Embassy. All those copies would inevitably be read only by those\r\nwho know Hebrew. The vast majority of the circulation of the newspaper was in\r\nIsrael.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eAll\r\nbackground facts occurred in Israel. This is, it is urged, \u0027an Israeli case\u0027.\r\nThere has been a massive liquidation process, which is said to be highly\r\nrelevant, going on in Israel giving rise to a vast quantity of documentation,\r\nand revealing many important potential witnesses, some of whom might not travel\r\nwillingly to London and who could not be compelled to do so.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nwhole case would have to be conducted here with great problems of translation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nwould not be fair to individual defendants to require them to fight this case\r\nin the United Kingdom; particularly if malice is eventually pleaded by the\r\nplaintiff their credibility will be at stake.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.16) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(5) If there is to be a jury trial it will be\r\ndifficult, if not impossible, for an English jury to do justice where so many\r\ncomplexities in a foreign language have to be investigated and mastered.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThere\r\nmight be inconsistent verdicts in Israeli and English litigation. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eHaving\r\nidentified the issues which were likely to arise, Peter Gibson LJ concluded as\r\nfollows at page 19:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e Where\r\nthe tort of \u003ca name=\"HIT_41\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_41\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003elibel is allegedly\r\ncommitted in England against a person resident and carrying on business in\r\nEngland by foreigners who were aware that their \u003ca name=\"HIT_42\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca\r\nname=\"ORIGHIT_42\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication would be sent to subscribers in England, that\r\nEnglish resident is entitled to bring proceedings here against those foreigners\r\nand to limit his claim to \u003ca name=\"HIT_43\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_43\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication\r\nin England, even though the circulation of that article alleged to be\r\ndefamatory was extremely limited in England and there was a much larger \u003ca\r\nname=\"HIT_44\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_44\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication elsewhere. That was\r\nrecognised by the European Court of Justice and the House of Lords in Shevill\r\nv. Presse Alliance [1992] 2 AC 18 and [1986] AC 959.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe light of the issues, I am wholly unconvinced that Israel is the forum with\r\nwhich these \u003ca name=\"HIT_45\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_45\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003elibel actions,\r\nlimited as they are to \u003ca name=\"HIT_46\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_46\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication\r\nof the offending articles here, have the most real and substantial connection.\r\nOn the contrary, like the judge, I am of the view that England, where the\r\nplaintiff lives and carries on business and where he wishes his reputation to\r\nbe vindicated is the appropriate forum for the actions. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\npoints made on behalf of the plaintiff, which listed above, considered to be\r\nstrongest by the Court of Appeal who ordered to continue the proceeding in\r\nEngland. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\n[1998] All ER (D) 611 Berezovsky v. Forbes Inc and others\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eGlouchkov\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ev.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eForbes\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eInc\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eothers\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e(9) the plaintiffs were respectively a member\r\nof the Russian government and a senior official of Aeroflot while an American company,\r\nwas the publisher of a well-known business magazine. In 1996 the defendant\u0027s\r\nmagazine published an article accusing the plaintiffs of various criminal\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eacts\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ein\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eRussia.\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003emagazine\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehad\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ea\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecirculation\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003earound\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003e2000\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eEngland\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecompared\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ealmost\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003e800,000 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.17) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ein America and just 13\r\nin Russia. The plaintiffs brought separate\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eproceedings\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efor\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edefamation\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ein\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eEngland\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eserved\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewrits\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eon\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edefendant\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eoutside\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe \u003ca name=\"HIT_3\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_3\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ejurisdiction\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \r\n\u003c/span\u003eunder RSC\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eOrd.\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e11.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eThe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edefendant\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eapplied\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehave\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewrits\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eset\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003easide\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eproceedings\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003estayed\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eon the\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003egrounds\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eEngland\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003enot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eappropriate\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eforum\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efor the\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eaction.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eAt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehearing,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eplaintiffs\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eclaimed that\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethey\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehad\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003estrong\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ebusiness and\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003epersonal\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003econnections\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewith England,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebut the judge\r\nconcluded that the plaintiffs\u0027 connections\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewith\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eEngland\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewere\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003etenuous,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand that\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein reality the case was a peculiarly Russian\r\none concerning nothing but Russia. He therefore granted the defendant\u0027s\r\napplication and the plaintiffs appealed. On the appeal, they adduced further\r\nevidence of their connections to England and of the damage inflicted on their\r\nreputations in England. They argued that the English \u003ca name=\"HIT_4\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca\r\nname=\"ORIGHIT_4\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublication of the magazine gave rise to a substantial\r\ncomplaint, and that England was the proper forum in respect of a tort committed\r\nin England. The defendant contended, inter alia, that the court should treat\r\nmulti-\u003ca name=\"HIT_5\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"ORIGHIT_5\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003ejurisdiction cases as giving\r\nrise to a single cause of action and then ascertain where the global cause of\r\naction arose. The court should concentrate on identifying the place which was\r\nthe real focus of the dispute, and not treat different \u003ca name=\"HIT_6\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca\r\nname=\"ORIGHIT_6\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003epublications of the same tort in several countries as\r\nconstituting separate segments.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFor\r\nall these reasons, the Court of Appeal has satisfied that both plaintiffs have\r\nestablished that England is the natural forum where these actions have their\r\nmost real and substantial connection, and where consequently the cases can most\r\nsuitably be tried for the interests of all the parties and for the ends of\r\njustice. Therefore allowed both these appeals, lift the stay which the judge\r\nimposed, and reinstate the service of both writs under order 11, so that the\r\nplaintiffs will be at liberty to proceed with their actions in the High Court\r\nof Justice.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nIndia\u0027s first case of cyber defamation, a Court of Delhi assumed jurisdiction\r\nover a matter where a corporates reputation was being defamed through emails\r\nand passed an important ex parte injunction.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nDelhi High Court has passed an ex parte ad interim injunction in the case\r\nentitled \u0026quot;SMC Pneumatics (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Jogesh Kwatra\u0026quot; being\r\nSuit No. 1279 of 2001. (10)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIn this\r\ncase, the defendant Jogesh Kwatra being an employee of the plaintiff company\r\nstarted sending \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.18) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ederogatory, defamatory,\r\nobscene, vulgar, filthy and abusive emails to his employers as also to\r\ndifferent subsidiaries of the said company all over the world with the aim to\r\ndefame the company and its Managing Director Mr. R.K. Malhotra. The plaintiff\r\nfile a suit for permanent injunction restraining the defendant from doing his\r\nillegal acts of sending derogatory emails to the plaintiff.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eArguing\r\non behalf of the plaintiffs Mr. Pavan Duggal contended that the emails sent by\r\nthe defendant were distinctly obscene, vulgar, abusive, intimidating,\r\nhumiliating and defamatory in nature. Mr. Duggal further argued that the aim of\r\nsending the said emails was to malign the impacable reputation\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eplaintiffs\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eall\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eover\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIndia\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eworld. Mr. Duggal further\r\ncontended that the acts of the defendant in sending the emails had resulted in\r\ninvasion of legal rights of the plaintiffs. Further the defendant is under a\r\nduty not to send the aforesaid emails. It is pertinent to note that after the\r\nplaintiff company discovered the said employ could be indulging in the matter\r\nof sending abusive emails, the plaintiff terminated the services of the\r\ndefendant. Mr. Duggal added.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAfter\r\nhearing detailed arguments of Mr. Duggal, Hon\u0027ble Mr. Justice J D Kapoor of the\r\nDelhi High Court passed\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ean\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eex\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eparte\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ead\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003einterim\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003einjunction\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eobserving\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ea\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eprima\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efacie\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecase\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehad been\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003emade\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eout\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eby\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eplaintiff. Consequently,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eDelhi\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eHigh\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eCourt\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003erestrained\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe defendant\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efrom\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003esending\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ederogatory,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edefamatory, obscene,\r\nvulgar,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehumiliating\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eabusive\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eemails\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eeither\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eplaintiffs\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eits\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esister\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003esubsidiaries\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eall\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eover\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eworld\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eincluding\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003etheir\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eManaging\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eDirectors\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003etheir\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eSales\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eMarketing\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edepartments.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eFurther, Hon\u0027ble Justice\r\nJ.D. Kapoor also restrained the defendant from publishing, transmitting or\r\ncausing to be published any information in the actual world as also in\r\ncyberspace which is derogatory or defamatory or abusive of the plaintiffs.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThis\r\norder of Delhi High Court assumes tremendous significance as this is for the\r\nfirst time that an Indian Court assumes jurisdiction in a matter concerning\r\ncyber defamation and grants an ex parte injunction restraining the defendant\r\nfrom defaming the plaintiffs by sending derogatory, defamatory, abusive and\r\nobscene emails either to the plaintiffs or their subsidiaries.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAfter\r\nthis discussion, It has been observed that under \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.19) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eCanadian, Australian,\r\nIndian, and English common law, a transnational defamation dispute is generally\r\nheard within the territory or location of the defamation, or where the defamed\r\nperson suffered damages to his or her personal and/or business reputation or\r\nthe law of the place of the wrong. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eHowever,\r\nthe United State libel law is biased towards the defendant. Decisions of US\r\ncourts have been at odds with judgments in the UK and Australia. In Young v.\r\nNew Haven Advocate, No. 01-2340 (4th Cir. 2002) (11). On 19 May, 2003, the\r\nSupreme Court of the United States rejected an application for leave to appeal\r\nagainst a decision of a United States Court of Appeal, Young v. New Haven\r\nAdvocate,3 which had held that defamation proceedings relating to material\r\npublished online by newspapers in Connecticut could not be commenced in\r\nVirginia. Two Connecticut newspapers, the New Haven Advocate and the Hartford\r\nCourant, had published a story about the State of Connecticut\u0027s policy of\r\nhousing prisoners in Virginian institutions and allegedly defamed the warden of\r\na Virginian prison (a Mr. Young) by implying that he was a racist who\r\nencouraged the abuse of inmates by guards. The articles were published in the\r\nnewspapers and were circulated in print and online. Several subscribers read\r\nthe article online in Virginia and Mr. Young issued defamation proceedings in\r\nVirginia against the Connecticut newspapers. The newspapers filed motions to\r\ndismiss the actions on the basis that the Virginian courts lacked jurisdiction.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:10.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nUnited States Court of Appeal held that the Virginian courts did not have\r\njurisdiction over the Connecticut-based newspapers because the newspapers did\r\nnot \u0027manifest an intent to aim their websites or the posted articles at a\r\nVirginian audience\u0027. The Court of Appeal followed its previous decisions which\r\nhad stated that a plaintiff would need to prove that an out of state\r\ndefendant\u0027s Internet activity was expressly targeted at, or directed to, the\r\nforum state in order to establish jurisdiction in the courts of that state. In\r\nthis case, even though the warden had allegedly suffered damage to his\r\nreputation in Virginia as a result of the articles, the evidence showed that\r\nthe newspapers had intended to direct the publication at a Connecticut\r\naudience, despite the article being accessible online in other jurisdictions.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.20) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eConclusion\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nlaw regarding jurisdiction in Internet defamation disputes\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003estill\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eevolving.\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eHowever,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eafter\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethis\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ediscussion, I\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehave\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eno\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edoubt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ePakistani\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecourts\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewill\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehave\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ejurisdiction\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehear\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edefamation\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecases\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhere\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eonline\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ematerial,\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhich\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebeen\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003epublished,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecirculated,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003euploaded from outside\r\nthe jurisdiction and the said defamatory contents\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebecome\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecomprehensible\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003epeople\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ePakistan.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eIn\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eAustralia,\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIndia\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eUK\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eit\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eclear\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecourts\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ewill\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehave\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ejurisdiction\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehear\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edefamation\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecases\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhere\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eonline\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ematerial,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhich\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eemanated\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efrom\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eoutside\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ejurisdictions,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehas\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebeen\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edownloaded\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eread\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ein Australia or the UK or India. In contrast, US courts clearly favour\r\ndeclining jurisdiction in online defamation cases relating to material loaded\r\nonto the Internet outside the jurisdiction, except where there is a clear and\r\nmanifest intention to publish the material online in the local forum. How the\r\nlaw develops in other jurisdictions remains to be seen.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eSuggestion\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFor\r\nthe time being, a new mechanism of dispute resolution\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efor online defamation cases with online\r\nprocedures could be implemented at once when such disputes arise. For future\r\nconsideration, an international treaty on Internet defamation could be a better\r\nsolution to disputes that arise over the issue of jurisdiction. I forecast that\r\nthere will be an increase in legislation, such as international treaties etc,\r\nwhich would regulate the issue of jurisdiction on Internet defamation in a very\r\nwell manner. This, in turn, would result in these types of cases being resolved\r\nwith less uncertainty and doubt regarding the issue related the law\r\njurisdiction. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eBibliography\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eCivil Procedure Code\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003e2004YLR\r\n2525\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eDawn\r\nNews\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003ePetition\r\nNo. Nil of 2010 filed by M. Azhar Siddique\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(5)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eDawn\r\nNews\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eDow\r\nJones and Company Inc. v. Gutnick [2002] HCA 56; 210 CLR 575; 194 ALR 433; 77\r\nALJR 255 (10 December 2002)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.21) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(7) [1996] 3 All ER 929 Shevill and others v.\r\nPresse Alliance SA)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(8)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003e[1999]\r\nEMLR 735, Schapira v. Ahronson and others)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(9)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003e[1998]\r\nAll ER (D) 611 Berezovsky v. Forbes Inc. and others Glouchkov v. Forbes Inc.\r\nand others)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(10)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003eSuit\r\nNo. 1279 of 2001. (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Jogesh Kwatra\u0026quot; \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(11)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003eYoung\r\nv. New Haven Advocate, no. 01-2340 (4th Cir. 2002)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB align=center style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:\r\n8.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center;text-indent:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e---------\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"