"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2011J44_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003e305\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003efarhan\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e1\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastPrinted\u003e2003-07-20T21:06:00Z\u003c/o:LastPrinted\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2012-08-18T04:53:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e2\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e2774\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e15815\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e131\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e37\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e18552\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e11.5606\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotHyphenateCaps/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e9.35 pt\u003c/w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e2\u003c/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003efalse\u003c/w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotUnderlineInvalidXML/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:SelectEntireFieldWithStartOrEnd/\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:UseWord2002TableStyleRules/\u003e\r\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Font Definitions */\r\n @font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 3 4 5 5 2 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\" l r     \";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:swiss;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"\\@MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nh1\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:1;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-font-kerning:0pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh2\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh3\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:3;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh4\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:4;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in 1.0in 88.3pt 1.5in 1.75in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tcolor:black;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh5\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:5;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh6\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:6;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:7;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:8;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.45pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:right;\r\n\ttext-indent:.5in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:9;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\tpunctuation-wrap:simple;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.MsoFootnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\nspan.MsoEndnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\np.MsoEndnoteText, li.MsoEndnoteText, div.MsoEndnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:20.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tline-height:13.9pt;\r\n\tmso-line-height-rule:exactly;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:-.15pt;}\r\np.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:63.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:1.0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\r\n\t{color:blue;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\r\n\t{color:purple;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np\r\n\t{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.style5, li.style5, div.style5\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style5;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Plain Text\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltC, li.AltC, div.AltC\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+C;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltA, li.AltA, div.AltA\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+A;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltB, li.AltB, div.AltB\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+B;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltDCenter, li.AltDCenter, div.AltDCenter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Heading 2\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltK, li.AltK, div.AltK\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+K;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltR, li.AltR, div.AltR\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+R;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in right 4.4in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.Alt-1, li.Alt-1, div.Alt-1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-1;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.Alt-O, li.Alt-O, div.Alt-O\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-O;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.HeaderFooter, li.HeaderFooter, div.HeaderFooter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Header \u0026 Footer\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 2.2in right 315.35pt;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.style2, li.style2, div.style2\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style2;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.style3, li.style3, 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Y\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.grame\r\n\t{mso-style-name:grame;}\r\nspan.spelle\r\n\t{mso-style-name:spelle;}\r\np.byline, li.byline, div.byline\r\n\t{mso-style-name:byline;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.Lastprinted, li.Lastprinted, div.Lastprinted\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Last printed\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New 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fcs;\r\n\tmso-endnote-separator:url(\"2011J44_files/header.htm\") es;\r\n\tmso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J44_files/header.htm\") ecs;\r\n\tmso-facing-pages:yes;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.5in 189.35pt 1.9in 1.5in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:1.1in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:123.85pt;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n /* List Definitions */\r\n ol\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\nul\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\r\n style=\u0027border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltDCenter style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n  12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eROLE OF COURT IN KHULAA AND\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  CANCELLATION OF NIKKAH\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltDCenter\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eProf.\r\n  Dr. M. Shakil Auj\u003cu\u003e\u003csub\u003e,\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \r\n  \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eDepartment of Islamic\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  Learning, University of Karachi\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n  text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n  color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:2\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003ePublished in:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eAll Pakistan Legal Decisions\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:3\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eYear of Publication:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eSuggested Citation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011 PLD Journal Section p.68\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/table\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-top:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:#6D7689\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eThe concept of Khulaa is\r\nbased on the following verse:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Then if you fear that they would\r\nnot be able to keep the limits ordained by Allah, then there is no sin on\r\neither of them if she gives back (the Mahr or a part of it) for her Al-Khula\r\n(divorce).\u0026quot; (2:229)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn this verse the words of \u0027Fala Junaha\r\nAlaihuma\u0027 (there is no sin on either of them) related to forthcoming words,\r\ni.e. \u0027Fima-ftadat Bihi\u0027 (she gives back and (the Mahr or a part of it) for her\r\nAl-Khula (divorce)) but people have related it to Khulaa, although Khulaa\r\nitself is something else than the sum of redemption (fidya). At this point\r\npeople are confused in the subject of discussion that is why they comprehend\r\nthe sum of redemption as a condition for Khula. However, there is no way that\r\nthe word `Junah\u0027 (sin) becomes a condition, this word is used in the meaning of\r\nconsequence, confinement or sin.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003ePutras Bustani has Arabicized it to sin\r\nin Muheet-ul-Muheet.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan class=CharacterStyle1\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eIn\r\nshort Khulaa can happen without the money of redemption and with the sum of\r\nredemption but it is more admirable without it. Imam Kasani stated two types of\r\nKhulaa in his book Badaie-as-Sanae. One is Khulaa without exchange and the\r\nother is with exchange. Therefore he writes if husband in the case of Khulaa\r\nwithout exchange has intention of divorce with the word of Khulaa, then divorce\r\nwill take place without nay exchange. However in the case of Khulaa with\r\nexchange, Khulaa will not occur without exchange.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan class=CharacterStyle1\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:#6D7689\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eTherefore we see the\r\nstructure of \u0027Fala Junaha Alaihuma\u0027 alleged on the suspension of the conception\r\nof significance or confinement, not on the conception of condition. If the\r\ncause and the initiation of separation between spouses are from husband, then\r\nit is absolutely obligated on husband that he cannot take any thing back from\r\nhis wife.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\ncolor:#6D7689\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;But if you intend\r\nto replace a wife by another and you have given one of them a Qintar (of gold\r\ni.e. a great amount as Mahr) take not the least bit of it back\u0026quot; (4:20)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.69) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eBut if the cause of\r\nseparation of woman then the husband can take back his granted wealth and\r\nproperty wholly or partially, as stated in Al-Baqra verse 229.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eQazi Ibn Rushd Malki Undlusi writes:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan class=CharacterStyle1\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The\r\nPhilosophy of Khulaa is that woman has been given the right of Khulaa, since\r\nthe man has the option of divorce. Therefore if the soman has any difficulty\r\nwith her husband, so she has the right of Khulaa and if the man has any\r\ndifficulty with his wife then the legislator (i.e. Allah) has given the right\r\nof divorce to him.\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn2\u0027 href=\"#_edn2\"\r\nname=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nour view, the process of Khulaa can be possible at home elegantly. So, there is\r\nnot any condition, neither it is necessary to pursue court. Although in general\r\npeople believe that it is necessary or a condition. In our opinion woman pursue\r\ncourt when she is forced to live with her husband against her desire and when\r\nany woman goes in the court, it is obvious and clear that she seriously wants\r\nto be separated from her husband. Otherwise why would any Muslim woman incline\r\nto confront the court and want to destroy her blissful home and family unit?\r\nThe Quran has therefore given the right to the court to listen to the essence\r\nof problem, call the defendant party and after a true satisfaction implement\r\nthe necessary procedure in the form of decision. Therefore that decision from\r\nthe aspect of its consequence could be implemented in the form of divorce with\r\nKhulaa, and on the denial of husband, in the form of cancellation of Nikkah.\r\nBut all of this could only be possible if the husband and his wife could come\r\nbefore court. If the husband does not come in court and he is not keen on\r\ncoming wither, then on his non- serious attitude, in our view, the court\r\nattains the full right of cancellation of Nikkah. Allama Ibn-e-Haman states:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;When\r\nthe judge sees the interests of his decision in the favour of absent or against\r\nhim and decides accordingly, then judge\u0027s decision will be validly functional,\r\nbecause it is an Ijtihadi problem.\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eMoreover, for such husbands any penalty\r\ncould be proposed separately, so that the piety of court could not be trodden.\r\nAs there is the reign of indiscipline, lawlessness and confusion in the society\r\nin which people do not have the sense of the importance and essentiality of\r\nCourt. In our humble opinion, declining the appropriate and based on reasons\r\ndecisions of the court or releasing decrees against them, is nothing but an\r\ninsult to the Court. Because the right of hearing a lawsuit and the decision of\r\nthe judge is not only the need of society, in addition its establishment is in\r\nthe exigencies of the law of Islam.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.70) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eOn no account, is not necessary for Khulaa that\r\nwhen the woman would be a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\r\n\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eplaintiff in the Court, she would give\r\ndetails of her reasons against husband on the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ebasis of which she wanted to be separated\r\nsince there are several matters in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003ebetween spouses which could\r\nbe explainable and there are various matters that are \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eunexplainable\r\nand the law of Islam recognize the value of keeping private issues \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003econcealed.\r\nThus, the judge does not look for the reasons behind the loathness, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003erather\r\nthe coming of the chaste woman to the court should be enough for the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ejudge.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA word may suffice for a wise man\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThose who seek, search and detection and\r\ndepends on investigation and research, should take lesson from the approach of\r\nHazrat Umar, which he had taken in a similar matter. One woman came to Hazrat\r\nUmar and appealed for Khulaa. Initially he suggested going back to her husband\r\nbut she refused then he imprisoned her in a filthy and stinky place. After\r\nthree days of imprisonment he gave her the same advise. Just then she replied:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;By God only these three days gave\r\nme comfort, which I spent without my husband.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan class=CharacterStyle1\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eBy\r\nhearing this Hazrat Umar understood the need of Khulaa. Therefore, he did not\r\nlook for the reasons behind taking Khulaa, because in this one sentence there\r\nis immeasurable amount of complaint and oppressed behaviour of her husband. So,\r\nhe called her husband and ordered him for Khulaa.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIndeed after the failure of the objective\r\nof nikkah. while the verdict of separation is a sign of the acknowledgement of\r\nfree-will of woman, it also provides society matrimonial happiness fully.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThis tradition also makes it obvious that\r\nif the judge of court decides any kind of other condition in place of\r\ninvestigation, which could give a kind of satisfaction that the woman is\r\nlegitimately rightful in her demand of Khulaa, then he could adopt likewise or\r\nany other similar condition. However, he could not carry out investigation,\r\nseeking and cross-questioning in every respect. So that the privacy between man\r\nand his wife could not spread out and no one will suffer ignominy in society.\r\nIn this manner the natural shyness and modesty of a woman will be saved. But it\r\nis remorseful that our approach is inconsistent to it. In some cases both the\r\nparties do not spare each other or one of them to the opposite one,\r\nconsequently through the cross-questioning in the court make other one exposed.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\ncolor:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.71) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eIn our view on woman\u0027s demand of Khulaa, no\r\nMufti has the right in the name of Sharie (lawful) to expose the private\r\nmatters and relationship of both parties and not even for the court it is\r\nappropriate to spray a lot of questions, so that both of them or at least one\r\nof them necessarily would be exposed.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLikewise when the wife of Hazrat Thabit\r\nbin Qais came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) and demanded separation from her husband\r\nthen He (S.A.W.) asked her that why she wanted to be separated? She replied:\r\n\u0026quot;O messenger of God! I do not see any defect in Qais\u0027s religion; it is\r\nonly that I do not like him and I do not want to fall into infidelity after\r\nliving in Islam.\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn5\u0027 href=\"#_edn5\"\r\nname=\"_ednref5\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAccording to the tradition, the inquiring\r\nof the Prophet (S.A.W.) for the reason of separation from her husband was on\r\nhabitual moral reason not for investigative purpose otherwise the Prophet\r\n(S.A.W.) must have made some unsatisfactory remark or would have investigated\r\nmore on her answer.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\nletter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eThis incident provides\r\nevidence that whenever a woman requires Khulaa, the judge should absolutely not\r\ninsist on the reasons behind Khulaa, rather on the objective of Khulaa.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe personal dislike of a woman has got\r\nits own importance that simply on the basis of it the separation is lawful\r\nbetween them. It is narrated by Ibn-i-Abbas (R.A.) that the husband of Barira\r\n(R.A.) was a slave, whose name was Mugis. (Narrator reports) as if I am seeing\r\nhim wandering crying after his woman and tears are falling on his beard, on\r\nthis circumstance the Prophet (S.A.W.) said to Hazrat Abbas (R.A.): \u0026quot;O\r\nAbbas! Don\u0027t you surprise on the love that Mugis has for Barira, and the hatred\r\nthat Barira has for Mugis?\u0026quot; Then the Prophet (S.A.W.) said to Barira would\r\nthat be better if you return to your husband. She replied: O messenger of God!\r\nIs it an order? He said: No, I am only suggesting it. She replied: Then I am\r\nnot in need of him.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThis tradition has made the substance of\r\nthe issue more obvious and clear.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe word of \u0026quot;Khulaa\u0026quot; has been\r\nemphasized in our society greatly, if this word is used as the proclamation and\r\nconveying the conception that the separation is not from the husband rather\r\nfrom the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.72) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ewife, then obviously it\r\nis a clear and decisive terminology and we and our courts should use this word\r\nin Khulaa\u0027s circumstance, so that it can be differentiated that the husband has\r\nnot taken out the wife from his life, rather the wife has taken out the husband\r\nfrom her life. However, if the separation of spouses occurs by the decisive\r\nfactor the court then we and the court \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eshould use the terminology\r\nof nullifying or cancellation of Nikkah so that the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eessence of the fact will\r\nbe understood through one word. But this fact should be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eobvious\r\nthat whether it is Khulaa or Cancellation of Nikkah or divorce, the end \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eresult of all of them is\r\nsame that is the parting of spouses. Therefore, we have doubts on the validity\r\nof the decrees which are given out without considering the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eobjective\r\nof law and which do not accept the decision of court only because why \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003ethey\r\nhave used the word of Khulaa in place of nullifying or Cancellation of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eNikkah?\r\nWhen the result of all three of them is same then the differentiation like \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ethis\r\n(such as) not acknowledging Khulaa as the cancellation of Nikkah is in fact\r\nequal to not understanding the essence of the problem. This reality should be\r\nin \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\nletter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003emind that the decision of court can not be annihilated by\r\nthe wordy tricks because \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ein\r\nthe acknowledgement of decisions only words are not significant, rather its\r\nspirit, wisdom and objective are important.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn the matter of spouses the role of\r\nauthorities/court is decisive which is obvious from the words of Quran. The way\r\nof reconciliation in between spouses in the circumstance of breach is described\r\nin the 35 verse of Sura-e-Nisa:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;If you fear a breach between them\r\n(the man and his wife), appoint (two) arbitrators, one from his family and the\r\nother from her.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe ulama have two viewpoints in the\r\nmeaning of the word \u0026quot;hakam\u0026quot; (arbitrator). One view is that the word\r\n\u0026quot;hakam\u0026quot; (arbitrator) is in the meaning of lawyer or representative\r\nand according to other view the word \u0026quot;hakam\u0026quot; (arbitrator) is in the\r\nmeaning of decision make that is judge of court. In the light of second view,\r\nit is important that the arbitrators would be declared as decisive authority in\r\nthe circumstance of breach in between. Ibn-e-Saeed, Saeed bin Jubair, Ibrahim\r\nNakhei, Shaoubi, Muhammad bin Sirin and other have shown this point of view.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eOur view is that is the matter of breach\r\ncould not be settled in home then the court should be involved. As per Quran\r\nthe court should appoint one arbitrator from husband\u0027s family and one\r\narbitrator from wife\u0027s family and this court appointment itself will be a\r\nvalidation of the fact that the arbitrators are authorized to take the absolute\r\ndecision. This fact is obvious with the words of \u0026quot;appoint\u0026quot; and\r\n\u0026quot;arbitrators\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is finely evident that for the matters\r\nof breach in between spouses which could end up in separation, for any Islamic\r\nsociety the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.73) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eground court could set\r\nup an especial court comprising two judges from the relatives of both parties,\r\nin our view this appointment is nothing but an endeavor to keep the secrecy of\r\ntwo families. It means that principally, the law of Islam (Sharia) is more\r\ninterested to settle the disputes of both parties in a familiar environment,\r\nrather than in a strange environment. So that the private and concealed matters\r\nwould be limited to concerned person\u0027s family, and not turn into publicized, as\r\nwell as the environment of society do not become contaminated.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAmin Ahsan Islahi has written \u0026quot;after\r\nreaching any matter in court then from the court will be handed over to the\r\npanchayat (a native court of arbitration consisting of five or more members)\r\nand the court will also authorize the right of making decision to the\r\nPanchayat.\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAs per Islahi\u0027s writing \u0026quot;authorize\r\nthe right of making decision\u0026quot; indicates that the arbitrators will not be\r\nauthorized to make decision until they are empowered by the court. Yet they are\r\nsanctioned after court\u0027s permission. Hence from one aspect this might be correct\r\nto adjudge but in our view the court appointment of arbitrators is itself\r\nlogical to enable them for the authorization of making decision. Since the word\r\n\u0027arbitrator\u0027 has the meaning of authorization which is obvious in itself. In\r\nthis affair the decision of arbitrators is actually the decision of court. Imam\r\nMalik and Imam Shafai have the similar view on it.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eImam Ragib Asfahani has described\r\n\u0027arbitrator\u0027 in this manner:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;(Arbitrator) or judge is called\r\nHakam, and arbitrator is more eloquent than judge and in the verse instead of\r\nHaakiman (Judge), Hakman (arbitrator) is used, this indicates that the two\r\narbitrators are appointed on condition that both of them will decide on their\r\nown insight without going in details, whether that decision is acceptable to\r\nthe spouses or undesirable to them.\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn8\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAnd Muth Ahmed Yar Khan Naeemi writes:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Haakim (Judge) is the person who\r\nevaluates ordinary cases and Hakam (arbitrator) is the one who evaluates\r\nextraordinary cases which is called in Urdu as \u0026quot;Panch\u0026quot; (a council: an\r\nassembly of five men).\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn9\u0027 href=\"#_edn9\"\r\nname=\"_ednref9\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe word Hakam (arbitrator) is\r\nillustrated by our Urdu translators through different terms. Most of the\r\ntranslators have used \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit.\r\np.74) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003emunif\r\n(judge) and panch (a council: an assembly of five men), however Ghulam Ahmad\r\nPervaiz has translated Hakam as Saalis (mediator) and Waris Sirhindi has\r\nregarded these three as synonyms by giving the meaning of Saalis (mediator) as\r\nmunsif (judge) and panch (a council: an assembly of five men). Muhammad Ali has\r\ntranslated it as the one who judges. Whereas Ashraf Ali Thanvi has regarded him\r\nas hakam who has the ability of making decision and few of our translators have\r\nleft hakam as it is and did not try to describe it with other words for\r\nexample: Abdul Majid Darya Abadi, Abual Ala Mawdudi, and Zeeshan Haider Jawadi\r\netc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eso,\r\nthe outcome of this discussion is that the word \u0026quot;Hakam\u0026quot; is giving the\r\nsame reality of its different translations and that is Hakam is the name of\r\nlegal authorization of complete power of decision.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eRather Imam Abu Al Fardh Abdur Rehman bin\r\nAli bin Muhammad Jauzi Hanbali (D. 597H) writes: \u0026quot;Imam Malik and Imam\r\nShafae state that the inclination of the spouses are not necessary for the\r\ndecision of arbitrators.\u0026quot; \u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn10\u0027 href=\"#_edn10\"\r\nname=\"_ednref10\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAnd Justice Tanzeel-ur-Rahman writes:\r\n\u0026quot;If both of the spouses have disagreements then the decision that they\r\nwon\u0027t be able to keep the limits ordained by Allah, and should do Khulaa, will\r\nonly be a third person who can do and in this condition Khulaa will perform\r\nthrough court.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFurther on he writes:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;One famous case of Bilqees Fatima\r\nfor Najm-ul-Ikram (PLD 1959, Lahore, 566) Learned Judges Justice Shabbir Ahmad,\r\nJustice B.Z. Kaikaus and Justice Masud Ahmad had declared that if the court\r\nreach on the decision that the spouses cannot keep the limits ordained by Allah\r\nthen the court can perform Khulaa (on the reasonable amount taken out from\r\nwife) without the willingness of husband. This opinion is on appropriate\r\njudgment and this viewpoint was adopted by the Supreme Court in the case of\r\nKhursheed Begum (PLD 1967 Supreme Court. p:97).\u0026quot;\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:\r\nedn11\u0027 href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eBriefly our objective is that if any\r\nwoman appealing court for Khulaa then it is the responsibility of the court to\r\nprovide her right, means ensure to release her from her husband. There is not a\r\nsingle tradition in our abundant traditions in which the woman was not got \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.75) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ereleased after her\r\ndemand of Khulaa, since the law of Khulaa has been made for the reason which\r\nled to separation, parting. Those who know the objective of nikkah duly, they\r\ncannot do the foolishness to leave the woman on the mercy and pity of husband.\r\nTherefore in the matters of Khulaa it is important that the court should call\r\nthe husband and order him to give divorce to his wife. If the husband releases\r\nhis wife on court order then it is good enough, otherwise court should use its\r\nright of making decision and perform separation in between them.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eHere it is important to restate that\r\nKhulaa could happen in exchange and without exchange. This exchange is depicted\r\nin Quran with the words of \u0026quot;if she gives back (the Mahr or a part of it)\r\nfor her Al-Khulaa (divorce).\u0026quot; (2:229) and the reciprocal of exchange as\r\n\u0026quot;then there is no sin on either of them\u0026quot;. This is the exchange, due\r\nto which the willingness of husband in Khulaa is acknowledged and if Khulaa is\r\nhappening without exchange on the court orders then there is absolutely no need\r\nof the willingness of husband. Rather the non-appearance of husband in the\r\ncourt is enough to order Khulaa without exchange. And the same is the case in\r\nCancellation of Nikkah, since this is that authority of court which is used\r\nafter the failure of getting husband\u0027s acknowledgement. And this is the\r\nauthorization, through which the oppressed woman is guaranteed separation from\r\nher husband. If the court is forbidden this right then one can think how\r\npossibly the woman will get justice? Obviously in this way she will never get\r\nfreedom from her husband\u0027s violence and tyrant behavior. Therefore in our view,\r\nit is quite rational from the Sharia\u0027s aspect, rather highly important to\r\nacknowledge the decisive role of court in Khulaa and in Cancellation of Nikkah.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote-list\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEndnotes]\u003e\u003cbr clear=all\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chr align=left size=1 width=\"33%\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c![endif]\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027 href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n8.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAlbahr-ul-Araeq, Vol.3,\r\np.151, Allama Ibn-e-Najeem, Published in Egypt 1328 H, Vol.4, p.77\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn2\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoEndnoteText style=\u0027text-indent:.2in\u0027\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn2\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eBadayat-ul-Mujtahid,\r\nVol.2, p.68, Published in Egypt, 1379H.`\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027 href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eFath-ul-Qadeer, Vol.5,\r\np.368-369, Published Muktaba Nooria Riazvia Sukkur\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn4\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027 href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eKashf-ul-Ghama, Vol.2, as\r\nreferred in The Rights of Spouses, P.66, Sayyed Abual Ala Mawdudi.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn5\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn5\u0027 href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eAs-Sahi Al Bukhari, Vol.2,\r\nChapter AlKhulla and how divorce will happen in it\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn6\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eAs-Sahi Al Bukhari, Chapter,\r\nRecommendation of the Prophet for Barira\u0027s husband.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn7\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eTadabbur\r\nQuran, Vol.2, p.294, Tafseer Surat-un-Nisa\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eVerse 35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn8\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn8\u0027 href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eAlmufradat Fi Gharib-ul-Quran,\r\nKitab-ul-Ha, Noor Muhammad Tijarat Kutub, Karachi.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn9\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn9\u0027 href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eAshraf-ut-Tafaseer, Al-Maruf\r\nBihi (famous as) Tafseer-i-Naemi, Vol.5, p.64, Maktaba-i-Islamia, Lahore.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn10\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn10\u0027 href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eZaad-ul-Munir, Vol, 2, p.77-78,\r\nPublished Maktab Islami, Bairut 140H.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn11\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn11\u0027 href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt\u0027\u003eMajmua Quaneen Islam, Vol.2,\r\np.592-597, Idara Tahqiqat-i-Islamic, Islamabad, 3rd Edn.1984.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"