"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2011J40_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003e305\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003efarhan\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastPrinted\u003e2003-07-20T21:06:00Z\u003c/o:LastPrinted\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2012-07-21T06:56:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2012-07-21T06:56:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e2\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e1999\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e11398\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e94\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e26\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e13371\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e11.5606\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotHyphenateCaps/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e9.35 pt\u003c/w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e2\u003c/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003efalse\u003c/w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DoNotUnderlineInvalidXML/\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:SelectEntireFieldWithStartOrEnd/\u003e\r\n   \u003cw:UseWord2002TableStyleRules/\u003e\r\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Font Definitions */\r\n @font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 3 4 5 5 2 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"?l?r ?? fc\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tpanose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:swiss;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\n\tpanose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-alt:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"\\@MS Mincho\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:128;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:fixed;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nh1\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:1;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-font-kerning:0pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh2\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh3\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:3;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh4\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:4;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in 1.0in 88.3pt 1.5in 1.75in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Tms Rmn\";\r\n\tcolor:black;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh5\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:5;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:normal;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\nh6\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:6;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:7;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:8;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.45pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:right;\r\n\ttext-indent:.5in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:9;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\tpunctuation-wrap:simple;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.MsoFootnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\nspan.MsoEndnoteReference\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tvertical-align:super;}\r\np.MsoEndnoteText, li.MsoEndnoteText, div.MsoEndnoteText\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:20.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tline-height:13.9pt;\r\n\tmso-line-height-rule:exactly;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tmso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n\ttext-autospace:none;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:-.15pt;}\r\np.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:63.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:1.0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:16.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\r\n\t{color:blue;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\r\n\t{color:purple;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\np.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText\r\n\t{margin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Courier New\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np\r\n\t{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate\r\n\t{mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Tahoma;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.style5, li.style5, div.style5\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style5;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Plain Text\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltC, li.AltC, div.AltC\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+C;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltA, li.AltA, div.AltA\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+A;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltB, li.AltB, div.AltB\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+B;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltDCenter, li.AltDCenter, div.AltDCenter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Heading 2\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltK, li.AltK, div.AltK\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+K;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:style5;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.AltR, li.AltR, div.AltR\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+R;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in right 4.4in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.Alt-1, li.Alt-1, div.Alt-1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-1;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.Alt-O, li.Alt-O, div.Alt-O\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt-O;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"Alt+D Center\";\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:2;\r\n\tfont-size:8.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\ttext-transform:uppercase;\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.HeaderFooter, li.HeaderFooter, div.HeaderFooter\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Header \u0026 Footer\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:Alt+C;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in center 2.2in right 315.35pt;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tletter-spacing:.2pt;}\r\np.style2, li.style2, div.style2\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style2;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\ttext-indent:.2in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.style3, li.style3, div.style3\r\n\t{mso-style-name:style3;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\n\tmargin-left:.5in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\ttext-indent:-.3in;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"CG Times\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"CG Times\";}\r\np.AltQ, li.AltQ, div.AltQ\r\n\t{mso-style-name:Alt+Q;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.1in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:none;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\ttab-stops:.5in;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"MS Mincho\";\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:BookmanSSK;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tfont-style:italic;}\r\np.PageXofY, li.PageXofY, div.PageXofY\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Page X of Y\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.grame\r\n\t{mso-style-name:grame;}\r\nspan.spelle\r\n\t{mso-style-name:spelle;}\r\np.byline, li.byline, div.byline\r\n\t{mso-style-name:byline;\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:justify;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:Arial;\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\np.Lastprinted, li.Lastprinted, div.Lastprinted\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Last printed\";\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.hit1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:hit1;\r\n\tcolor:windowtext;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\nspan.bold1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:bold1;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\r\np.loose, li.loose, div.loose\r\n\t{mso-style-name:loose;\r\n\tmargin-top:10.5pt;\r\n\tmargin-right:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nspan.underline1\r\n\t{mso-style-name:underline1;\r\n\ttext-decoration:underline;\r\n\ttext-underline:single;}\r\n /* Page Definitions */\r\n @page\r\n\t{mso-footnote-separator:url(\"2011J40_files/header.htm\") fs;\r\n\tmso-footnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J40_files/header.htm\") fcs;\r\n\tmso-endnote-separator:url(\"2011J40_files/header.htm\") es;\r\n\tmso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(\"2011J40_files/header.htm\") ecs;\r\n\tmso-facing-pages:yes;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.5in 189.35pt 1.9in 1.5in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:1.1in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:123.85pt;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;\r\n\tmso-endnote-numbering-style:arabic;}\r\n /* List Definitions */\r\n ol\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\nul\r\n\t{margin-bottom:0in;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\r\n style=\u0027border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltDCenter style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n  12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eCAN AWARD OF COSTS BE USED AS A\u003cbr\u003e\r\n  TOOL FOR ADMINISTRATION TO JUSTICE\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:1;page-break-inside:avoid\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=434 colspan=2 valign=top style=\u0027width:325.45pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eBarrister Ahmed Uzair,\r\n  Lahore\u003cspan style=\u0027color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n  text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n  color:black\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:2\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003ePublished in:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eAll Pakistan Legal Decisions\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:3\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eYear of Publication:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:3.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=144 valign=top style=\u0027width:108.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003eSuggested Citation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=290 valign=top style=\u0027width:217.2pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=AltC style=\u0027margin-bottom:12.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\n  font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:blue\u0027\u003e2011 PLD Journal Section p.90\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/table\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK style=\u0027margin-top:9.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nNational Judicial Policy 2009 of the National Judicial (Policy Making)\r\nCommittee calls for cooperation among stakeholders to address \u0027backlog\u0026quot;\r\nand \u0026quot;delays\u0026quot; in our system of justice. All courts, from the\r\nMagistrate Courts to the Supreme Court, are overwhelmed by this backlog of\r\ncases, caused, primarily, by delay in dispute resolution. Efforts are being\r\nmade at the policy level to identify ways to improve the administration of\r\njustice.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027 href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe subject of this paper is that courts\r\ncan use the award of costs as a method of effective administration of justice.\r\nOne of the modes, which can result in speedier trials and bring about a\r\nreduction in backlog of cases, is award of costs mechanism. In order to achieve\r\nthis objective, there is a need of change in law, in particular the High Court\r\nRules. That being said, however, we can only achieve these goals if there is a\r\nchange in mindset of the stakeholders(i.e. litigants, lawyers and the\r\njudiciary) on award of costs. Specifically, it is suggested that as a general\r\nrule costs should follow the event i.e. the successful party should recover its\r\ncost of pursuing the litigation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e1. \u003cu\u003eDEFINITION\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe term \u0026quot;Costs\u0026quot; as is being\r\nused in this paper refers to the burden imposed on the losing side in a\r\nlitigation to compensate the winning side for its expenditure. They are\r\nseparate from and in addition to any award of damages or other order for the\r\npayment of money, but the order of costs would form part of the judgment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e2. \u003cu\u003eCURRENT\r\nPOSITION: THE LAW\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection 35 of the Code of Civil\r\nProcedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as the \u0026quot;Code\u0026quot;) deals with\r\ncosts and reads as under:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eSubject to such conditions and limitations as\r\nmay be prescribed, and to the provisions of any law for the time being in\r\nforce, the costs of an incident to all suits shall be in the discretion of the\r\nCourt, and the Courts shall have full power to determine by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.91) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ewhom or out of what\r\nproperty and to what extent such costs are to be paid, and to give all\r\nnecessary directions for the purposes aforesaid. The fact that the Court has no\r\njurisdiction to try the suit shall be no bar to the exercise of such powers.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhere the Court directs that any costs shall\r\nnot follow the event, the Court shall state its reasons in writing.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e(3)\r\nThe Courts may give interest on costs at any rate not exceeding six percent per\r\nannum, and such interest shall be added to the Costs and shall be recoverable\r\nas such.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn2\u0027 href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eUnder section 35 of the Code, the court\r\nis empowered to award actual costs\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027 href=\"#_edn3\"\r\nname=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e in order\r\nto reimburse the expenses under gone by the successful litigant.\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027 href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe High Court Rules\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:\r\nedn5\u0027 href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ealso deal with costs as follows:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eFEE OF COUNSEL\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e1.\u003cu\u003e Liability for the fees of\r\nadversary\u0027s advocate.\u003c/u\u003e---(1) In all proceedings before the Courts\r\nsubordinate to the High Court, the unsuccessful litigants shall ordinarily be\r\nliable for the fees of his adversary\u0027s Advocate (to be hereinafter called\r\n\u0026quot;the fee\u0026quot;) subject to the conditions and according to the rates as\r\nprovided by these rules.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn Khurshid Ahmed Naz Afridi v. Bashir\r\nAhmed\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e the Supreme Court found the object\r\nbehind award of costs to be two-fold: to compensate the aggrieved party and to\r\npenalize a party who may have initiated any action or passed the order in\r\ncomplete\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edisregard of the obvious and\r\nglaring facts and provisions of law.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt has been held that the award of costs\r\nunder section 35 is not a penalty or punishment against the unsuccessful party.\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eAs a necessary \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit.\r\np.92) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ecorollary\r\nto the same, the award of costs under this head cannot be a source of profit\r\nfor the successful party.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn8\u0027 href=\"#_edn8\"\r\nname=\"_ednref8\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe sole aim is to reimburse the successful\r\nparty for the expenses incurred by him.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn9\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThis is different from section 35-A that\r\ndeals with false and vexatious claims i.e. cases that necessitating an award of\r\ncosts in addition to those under section 35 and is in the form of a penalty.\r\nDiscussion on compensatory costs for false and vexatious claims is beyond the\r\nscope of this paper and will be discussed in the proposed sequel.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e3. \u003cu\u003eDISCRETION\r\nON AWARD OF COURT\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is recognized around the world that\r\ncourts have discretion on whether to award costs or not.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:\r\nedn10\u0027 href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIn Pakistan; the wording of section 35 allows\r\nthis discretion whereby \u0026quot;the Courts [ .] have full power to determine by\r\nwhom or out of what property and to what extent such costs are to be paid, and\r\nto give all necessary directions for the purposes aforesaid.\u0026quot;\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn11\u0027 href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe existence of this discretion has been\r\nhighlighted over the years in a number of cases. For instance, it is in the\r\ndiscretion of the court to determine which one of the parties to the litigation\r\nwill bear the costs of the litigation,\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn12\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\r\nproportion in which the parties are to bear the costs\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:\r\nedn13\u0027 href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand how much of the costs actual incurred are\r\nto be allowed.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn14\u0027 href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\ncan either direct the unsuccessful party to bear all or part of the costs of\r\nlitigation or it may\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eorder the parties\r\nto bear their own \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.93)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ecosts or it may direct\r\none defendant to a suit to bear the costs of all of the other parties including\r\nother defendants to a suit.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn15\u0027 href=\"#_edn15\"\r\nname=\"_ednref15\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eDiscretion, however, does not mean that a court can make whatever order\r\nit likes\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn16\u0027 href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003enor does it include failure to exercise\r\ndiscretion.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e4. \u003cu\u003eCURRENT\r\nPOSITION: THE PRACTICE\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection 35 of the Code and the High Court\r\nRules notwithstanding, in practice, the courts rarely award costs. Invariably\r\nthe order of the court merely states that the parties are to bear their own\r\ncosts, be that the cost of counsel or the\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecosts of filing/defending the suit. Costs--in particular counsel\r\nfee--are not recovered for various reasons. Not least\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebecause the method of calculation of fee\r\nprovided in the High Court Rules is too rigid, mechanical and outdated. It sets\r\nspecific guidelines on how much fee can be claimed. For example in a case of\r\nbreach of contract where the damages awarded is Rs.20,000 the High Court Rules\r\nspecify that the maximum counsel fee that can be recovered\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis Rs.1250. The maximum fee overall that can\r\nbe recovered in any situation, irrespective of the complexity of the case or\r\nthe final award\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eRs. 15,000.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn17\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eIt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003enot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esurprising\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eno\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eone\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehas\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003efelt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eneed\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eupdate\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethese\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eRules\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003esince\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e1996. The\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eHigh\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eCourt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eRules do not provide\r\nsufficient incentive for a litigant to seek recovery of costs.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSecondly, it is also suggested that tax\r\nimplications for the legal practitioners and litigants may also be the reasons\r\nfor non-implementation of the law. Under the High Court Rules a certificate has\r\nto be filed in court stating the fee paid to the practitioner.\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn18\u0027 href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFinally, there appears to be a belief\r\nthat an award of costs is a penalty and that costs should only be imposed when\r\nthere is a clear \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.94) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ewrongdoing by a party or\r\nhis counsel. This is contrary to the judicial pronouncements on the law cited above.\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn19\u0027 href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e5. \u003cu\u003eTHE\r\nCHANGE IN LAW PROPOSED: RULE AS TO COSTS\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is argued that there should be a\r\n\u0026quot;Rule\u0026quot; created by law to the\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eeffect that \u0026quot;the costs will follow the event save in recognized\r\nexceptions.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe law as it was originally envisaged\r\nalso supports this position. Reading section 35(2) of the Code together with\r\nsection 35(1) it becomes apparent that the intention of the drafters in 1908\r\nwas that costs should generally follow the event requiring a reason to be\r\nprovided if there is to be a divergence from the norm. Over the years other\r\ncommon law countries have developed on this position into a rule through\r\njudicial pronouncements\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn20\u0027 href=\"#_edn20\"\r\nname=\"_ednref20\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\r\nlater on codified the same in codes of procedure.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn21\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eBroadly speaking the\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebasis of this rule is that a successful party\r\nshould not have to bear the costs of having his rights vindicated in circumstances\r\nwhere the stance taken by the unsuccessful party has been proven to be\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewrong. Therefore, it can be said, the\r\nsuccessful party has a \u0026quot;reasonable expectation\u0026quot; of being awarded\r\ncosts against the unsuccessful party.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn22\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eWe\r\nfind support to this proposition in other common law countries such as England\r\nand Australia.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn23\u0027 href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLooking at it narrowly, one could suggest\r\nthat this Rule might increase costs of litigation. This perception may not be\r\nwell founded. A party who uses the length of litigation to delay the disposal\r\nof the case\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewill be deterred by the\r\ncosts that will be imposed upon him. Therefore one would be inclined to resolve\r\nthe dispute at the earliest so as to minimize ones\u0027 loss. Conversely speaking,\r\nimplementing this Rule will also improve access to justice. For instance, a\r\nparty is unlikely to pursue a right that involves huge time and\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eexpenditure vis-a-vis the reward. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";mso-bidi-font-family:\r\n\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.95)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003eThat being said, if that\r\nexpenditure could be recovered, one would be inclined to pursue his lawful\r\nright.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt can also be argued that this rule will\r\nencourage parties to settle their claims out-of-court. Ordinarily out of court\r\nsettlement in Pakistan is the exception rather then the norm, whereas nearly\r\n98% of all civil disputes are resolved out of court in the United Kingdom. One\r\nof the deterrents to unnecessary litigation in the United Kingdom is the costs\r\nassociated with it. Therefore parties endeavor to avoid litigation as far as\r\npossible and resolve their disputes amicably.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn terms of procedure, the High Court\r\nRules should be changed to incorporate this Rule. Rather than providing a rigid\r\nframework on the maximum fee recoverable, the Court should be left to determine\r\nthe appropriateness of the expenditure. Particularly because the court is to\r\nrule on whether there are circumstances (discussed below), which warrant a\r\ndivergence from the Rule. In common law countries a hearing takes place at the\r\nconclusion of the case where there is either a \u0026quot;summary assessment\u0026quot;\r\nor \u0026quot;detailed assessment\u0026quot; of costs depending on the complexity of the\r\ncase.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn24\u0027 href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e6. \u003cu\u003eCIRCUMSTANCES\r\nWHERE THE RULE CAN BE DISPLACED\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNeedless to say that the Rule advocated\r\nhere is rebuttable. Onus of rebuttal is on the unsuccessful party against whom\r\nthe order of costs is to be made.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn25\u0027 href=\"#_edn25\"\r\nname=\"_ednref25\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nwill be in the discretion of the court to displace the Rule. It will be\r\ndisplaced where there has been some conduct of the successful party\r\ndisentitling him from the relief.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn26\u0027 href=\"#_edn26\"\r\nname=\"_ednref26\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nmay be noted that the disentitling conduct\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eneed not amount to misconduct, and may simply be any conduct calculated\r\nto occasion unnecessary expense\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn27\u0027 href=\"#_edn27\"\r\nname=\"_ednref27\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e or delay. Another example where the rule\r\nwill be rebutted is where the conduct of the successful party amounts to an\r\nabuse of court process such as in forum selection\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn28\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e or where proceedings are commenced for a\r\nulterior \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.96) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003emotive or collateral\r\npurpose.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn29\u0027 href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\r\nFinally the Rule will be rebuttal in a situation where the successful party\r\nrefuses an offer for compromise and fails to obtain a result more favourable\r\nthan what was offered by the unsuccessful party.\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn30\u0027\r\nhref=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e7. \u003cu\u003eA\r\nREASONED APPROACH TO COSTS\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn common\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eLaw countries a more detailed look at the award of costs is being\r\nsolicited. This new approach is best summarized by Lord Woolf MR, the author of\r\nthe reforms of Civil Procedure Rules (Wolf, Reforms in England and Wales), in\r\ncase titled Phonographic Performance Ltd., v. AEI Rediffusion Music Ltd.\u003ca\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn31\u0027 href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\r\nclass=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;The most significant change\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein emphasis of the new rules is to require\r\ncourts to be more ready to make separate orders which reflect the outcome of\r\ndifferent issues. In doing this the new rules are reflecting a change of\r\npractice which has already started.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is believed that there is a need to\r\nfollow a similar approach here in Pakistan requiring courts to perform a deeper\r\nand detailed analysis on costs involved in a case.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e8. \u003cu\u003eCONCLUSION\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWe started with the objective of finding\r\nways to obtain quicker disposal of cases and improve access to justice and\r\nidentify whether award of costs can serve that purpose. We have found that the\r\nlaw as it exists today, in particular the High Courts Rules, is rigid, obsolete\r\nand in practice completely ignored. The idea of putting an upper-limit on\r\nrecoverable fee has proven to be a failure. Court process continues to be\r\nabused to cause delay in the disposal of cases without any consequence. Rather\r\nthen putting an upper-limit, specified in the High Court Rules, the decision on\r\nreasonableness of costs should be left to the discretion of the trial Court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eTherefore the practice of making no order\r\non costs should give way to the Rule. We have identified two bases for it. On\r\nthe one hand, as a matter of principle, a successful party should not have to\r\nbear the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\";color:#FF6600\u0027\u003e(Cit. p.97) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003ecosts of proving\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eoneself to be correct. Except where by its\r\nown conduct it has shown to be disentitled to such relief or there is another\r\nsufficient reasons.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe second basis is the wider\r\nimplications for the justice system. The trials will be quicker as parties on a\r\nweaker footing will be compelled to minimize their losses. Through this Rule\r\nthe practice of delaying tactics can be checked with award of costs taking into\r\naccount such behavior. The Rule will encourage parties to seek alternative\r\nmodes of dispute resolution. We have also found that the rule can improve access\r\nto justice. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltK\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWith the tax on services being sought,\r\nimplementation of the rule will also improve tax collection, as parties would\r\nbe required to disclose their counsel fees and other expenditure.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e--------\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltC align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:\r\n11.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote-list\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEndnotes]\u003e\u003cbr clear=all\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chr align=left size=1 width=\"33%\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c![endif]\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn1\u0027 href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFor\r\nexample the seminar held by the Supreme Court Bar Association in February, 2011\r\nin Lahore on Administration of Justice. Delay Reduction Workshops conducted in\r\n2000. Pilot Courts, IT development, Guidelines to Subordinate Courts, Incentive\r\nand Reward Scheme etc.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn2\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn2\u0027 href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n35(3) is no longer operative by the order of Federal Sharia\u0027h Court in PLD 2000\r\nSC 225 M. Aslam Khaki v. Muhammad Hashim as it has been declared to be\r\nrepugnant to injunction of Islam from 30th June, 2001.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn3\u0027 href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eCosts-on-actual-basis\r\nin Pakistan is different from other common wealth countries including Australia\r\nand United Kingdom where it is further divided into costs-on-standard-basis and\r\ncosts-on-indemnity basis.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn4\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn4\u0027 href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003ePLD\r\n1990 SC 28 Muhammad Akram v. Mst. Farman.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn5\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn5\u0027 href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eVol\r\n1 Chapter 16 Part B of the High Court Rules.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn6\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn6\u0027 href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e1993\r\nSCMR 639\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn7\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn7\u0027 href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAIR\r\n1854 SC 26 The Firm of N. Peddanna Ogeti v. Srinivasayya Setti Sons.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn8\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn8\u0027 href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nAIR 1976 All. 111 Ganesh Gas Ram Gopal v. The Munish, South Lunknow and another\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn9\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn9\u0027 href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNote\r\nthat in 2010 PLD 182 Karachi; it was observed that the High Court in its\r\nconstitutional jurisdiction can award costs against a public department or\r\nState.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn10\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn10\u0027 href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nan English Court of Appeal case Amaravathi Perinpanathan [R] v. Westminster\r\nMagistrates and another [CA Civil] 2010 it was ruled that costs do not always\r\nfollow the event, they are at the discretion of the Court.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn11\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn11\u0027 href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eNote\r\nthat other statutes where costs have been imposed by law include section 27 of\r\nLand Acquisition Act, 1894. Secondly, under section 18 of SRA 1877 if the\r\nvender suit for specific performance of agreement to sell is dismissed on the\r\nground of imperfect title of the vendor, the vendor shall bear the opposite\r\nparty\u0027s costs.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn12\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn12\u0027 href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e1919\r\nCeylon 253 PC Simon de Costa and others v. M.D.L. de Silva and others, AIR 1934\r\nA 948 Sarju Singh v. Shayan Sundar Singh and another.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn13\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn13\u0027 href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eAIR\r\n1928 M 16 Sri Ranganatha Thathachariar and others v. Veeravalli\r\nRajagopalachariar and others, AIR 1919 L 30 Mangat Rai v. Alia and another.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn14\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn14\u0027 href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\ngenerally AIR 1925 PC 169 Gajadhar Mahton v. Ambika Prasad Tewari and others,\r\nAIR 1940 Lahore 182 Puran Mal v. Parmeshri Das, AIR 1962 Pat. 36 Nandial Tanti\r\nand others v. Jagdeo Singh and others, AIR 1945 Pat 184 Col. Maharajadhiraj Sir\r\nKameshwar Singh v. Nebilal Mistri.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn15\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn15\u0027 href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nalso High Court Rules Vol.1, Chapter 16-B and 16-C.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn16\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn16\u0027 href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nfor example the In Khurshid Ahmed Naz Afridi v. Bashir Ahmed 1993 SCMR 639\r\nwhere the Supreme Court observed that \u0026quot; As the order granting costs is\r\ndiscretionary, it should be based on well recognized principles of justice and\r\nequity and should not be fanciful, arbitrary, whimsical or capricious. Such\r\ndiscretion is exercised with regard to the party that will be charged with\r\ncosts, the amount and the manner in which costs are to be paid. The discretion\r\nexercised by a Court should not be lightly interfered with in appeal unless\r\nwell settled principles are violated.\u0026quot; See also generally PLD 1990 Lahore\r\n49 and 1992 SCMR 1898.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn17\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn17\u0027 href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eHigh\r\nCourt Rules Vol 1 Chapter 16 Part B, Rule 3. A special permission is required\r\nif a fee higher then the limit provided by the Rules is sought see Rule 20.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn18\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn18\u0027 href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eHigh\r\nCourt Rules Vol 1, Chapter 16, Part B, Rule 20.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn19\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn19\u0027 href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nfor example AIR 1954 SC 26 The Firm of N.Paddanna Ogeti v. Srinivasayya Setti\r\nSons. See also Khurshid Ahmed Naz Afridi\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ev. Bashir Ahmed 1993 SCMR 639\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn20\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn20\u0027 href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nfor example the Australian case of Laguillo v. Haden Engineering Pty Ltd.\r\n[1978] 1 NSWLR 306\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn21\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn21\u0027 href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nAustralia by virtue of Code of Civil Procedure Act, 2005 rule. 42.1 and Civil\r\nProcedure Rules, 1999 in England.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn22\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn22\u0027 href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eOshlack\r\nv. Richmond River Council (1998) 193 CLR 72 at [67] and [134].\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn23\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn23\u0027 href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe Australian case of Laguillo v. Haden Engineering Pty Ltd. [1978] 1 NSWLR\r\n306 where the aforestated presumption was recognized.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn24\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn24\u0027 href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe case of England see Part 44 Rule 7 of the Civil Procedure Rules. Note also\r\nthat \u0026quot;fixed costs\u0026quot; in specified areas, such as road traffic accident\r\ncases, is also awarded irrespective actual cost incurred by the parties. See\r\nPart 45 of the English Civil Procedure Rules.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn25\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn25\u0027 href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eWaterman\r\nv. Gerling Australia Insurance Co. Pty Ltd. (No.2) [2005] NSWSC 1111 at [10].\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn26\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn26\u0027 href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nthe Astralian case of GR Vaughan (Holdings) Pty Ltd. v. Vogt [2006] NSWCA 263\r\nwhere the rule was laid down.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn27\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn27\u0027 href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nfor example the Australian case of Lollis v. |Loulatzis (No.2) [2008] VSC 35 at\r\n[29]; Keddie v. Foxall [1955] VLR 320 at 323-4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn28\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn28\u0027 href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eAIR\r\n1921 B 34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn29\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn29\u0027 href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003ePacker\r\nv. Meagher [1984] 3 NSWLR 486 at 500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn30\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn30\u0027 href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003eSee\r\nfor example Calderbank v. Galderbank [1975] 3 All ER 333. Note that in the case\r\nof a Calderbank letter, it is the offer or (or the unsuccessful party in this\r\ncase) that bears the burden of satisfying the court to exercise its discretion\r\nin their favour.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv style=\u0027mso-element:endnote\u0027 id=edn31\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=AltB\u003e\u003ca style=\u0027mso-endnote-id:edn31\u0027 href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\"\r\ntitle=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan class=MsoEndnoteReference\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.0pt;\r\nfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"\u0027\u003e \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e[1998]\r\nRPC 335\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n  \r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"