"\u003chtml xmlns:v=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml\"\r\nxmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2011J19_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=Edit-Time-Data href=\"2011J19_files/editdata.mso\"\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if !mso]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\nv\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}\r\no\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}\r\nw\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}\r\n.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eRIGHT OF LEGAL HEIRS TO COMPOUND MURDER\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eAdil Hafeez\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2012-05-03T16:03:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2012-05-03T16:03:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e1\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e7046\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e40165\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e334\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e94\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e47117\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e11.5606\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n 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@font-face\r\n\t{font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\n\tpanose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\r\n\tmso-font-charset:0;\r\n\tmso-generic-font-family:auto;\r\n\tmso-font-format:other;\r\n\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\r\n\tmso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\n /* Page Definitions */\r\n @page\r\n\t{mso-page-border-surround-header:no;\r\n\tmso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in;text-justify-trim:punctuation\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eRIGHT OF LEGAL HEIRS\r\nTO COMPOUND MURDER\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eIN CASE OF DEATH\r\nSENTENCE AS TAAZIR\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDr. M. Aslam Khaki, \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eAdvocate Supreme Court\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eand\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eJurisconsult Federal\r\nShariat Court of Pakistan\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eBefore we dilate upon the debate whether\r\nthe concession of compounding is available in case of death sentence in\r\nmurder\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eas Ta\u0027azir, the term Qaisas \u0026amp;\r\nTa\u0027azir should be understood in its Islamic perspective.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shapetype id=\"_x0000_t75\"\r\n coordsize=\"21600,21600\" o:spt=\"75\" o:preferrelative=\"t\" path=\"m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe\"\r\n filled=\"f\" stroked=\"f\"\u003e\r\n \u003cv:stroke joinstyle=\"miter\"/\u003e\r\n \u003cv:formulas\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"sum @0 1 0\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"sum 0 0 @1\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @2 1 2\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @3 21600 pixelWidth\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @3 21600 pixelHeight\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"sum @0 0 1\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @6 1 2\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @7 21600 pixelWidth\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"sum @8 21600 0\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"prod @7 21600 pixelHeight\"/\u003e\r\n  \u003cv:f eqn=\"sum @10 21600 0\"/\u003e\r\n \u003c/v:formulas\u003e\r\n \u003cv:path o:extrusionok=\"f\" gradientshapeok=\"t\" o:connecttype=\"rect\"/\u003e\r\n \u003co:lock v:ext=\"edit\" aspectratio=\"t\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shapetype\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1025\" type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:22.5pt;\r\n height:15pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image001.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=30 height=20\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image002.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1025\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eMEANING OF QISAS\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe synonym of Qisas is \u0027Qawad\u0027\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003ewhich means Retribution i.e. \u0027Killing\r\nfor the Killing and injury for the injury\u0027.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003cspan\r\n style=\u0027text-decoration:none\u0027\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1026\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:28.5pt;height:11.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image003.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=38 height=15\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image004.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1026\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTA\u0027AZIR \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe dictionary meaning of Ta\u0027azir is to check or reprimand.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1027\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:30.75pt;height:15.75pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image005.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=41 height=21\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image006.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1027\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAs a term of Shariah, Ta\u0027azir means the punishment for the\r\noffence or crime in which there is no Hadd, Qisas or expiation\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSo according to the scope of Ta\u0027azir by its definition, Ta\u0027azir\r\nwill be applicable only to the crimes or offences in which Shariah has not\r\nprescribed any punishment or expiation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn section 302(b), P.P.C. the punishment of death for murder\r\ncannot be named and treated Ta\u0027azir as not only the crime of Qisas is specified\r\nin such offence but also the punishment of death is prescribed. Hence the\r\napplication of the term Ta\u0027azir with its consequences\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eas in section 302(b) are void ab initio. The\r\ndeath penalty in section 302(b), P.P.C. is in fact a Qisas for all the applications\r\nand purposes.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is also noteworthy that Ta\u0027azir may be awarded in a case\r\nwhere the heirs of the deceased have pardoned the murderer but the murderer has\r\ncommitted brutely in murdering has terrorized the public or has\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecommitted\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eany\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eother\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecrime \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003ewith\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003emurder like rape, dacoity\r\netc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is to be seriously noticed that the\r\nterm \u0027Qisas\u0027 does not mean the absolute punishment by the State rather is the\r\n\u0027right\u0027 of wali to either retaliate or enter into sulh or grant Afw. So in both\r\ncases of death penalties as provided in sections 302(a) and 302(b), P.P.C. the\r\nfocal point is not the punishment or the proof of the offence but is the right\r\nof the legal heirs of the victim. The role of State in such matters is to\r\nfacilitate the execution of the punishment at the demand of the legal heirs.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eFor the purpose of sections \u003cu\u003e307, 310,\r\nP.P.C.\u003c/u\u003e the Qisas is not a word to be taken in limited meaning rather its\r\nscope extends to all types of remedies available to the heirs of the deceased,\r\nit does not exclude which is not excluded by its definition. So in the\r\ndefinition of Qisas \u0027killing for killing\u0027 includes killing in its absolute and\r\nunfettered form, whether it is by way of Qisas or is by way of Ta\u0027azir and\r\nwhether the murder is proved as in section 302(a) or as in 302(b), P.P.C.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is also settled notion of Islamic\r\nas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewell as of English jurisprudence,\r\nthat in phrases, the technicalities of the word are not considered, it is the\r\npurpose which is of prime consideration.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1028\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:306pt;height:24pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image007.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=408 height=32\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image008.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1028\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe consideration will be given to the meanings\r\nand not to the words and structures of the law/hukm.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn Shah Hussain v. State PLD 2009 page\r\n479) while discussing the period spent in jail before the conviction is to be\r\ntreated as punishment for the purpose of its deduction under section 382-B,\r\nCr.P.C,. the full bench of this honourable court has held the view that meaning\r\nor selection of the word may not be the consideration rather it is the\r\nconsequences which determine or underline the meaning of the word.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt explodes the notion that such period\r\ncan be ignored because it is not spent in jail by way of \u0027punishment\u0027. Not to\r\ntreat that period as punishment, will be a play on the meaning of the word\r\n\u0027punishment\u0027. Whether the detention in jail was punitive or non-punitive the\r\nconsequence, as regards the person detained was the same, namely, deprivation,\r\nof liberty and that is certainly punishment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eOn this analogy, it can be viewed that in\r\ncase of murder by whatever standard of proof there are proved, it is the right\r\nof heirs of victim to demand for retaliations or to forgive. Differentiating\r\nrather discriming by the word Qisas and Ta\u0027azir is a play with the right of\r\nheirs of the victim.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTHE CONDITIONS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF\r\nQISAS\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe Muslim jurists in the light of Quran,\r\nSunnah and logic have detailed out the conditions for the enforcement of Qisas,\r\nso when all these conditions are met Qisas is the definite resultant right of\r\nthe victim or his legal heirs as the case may be. These are:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eAs far the Murderer, he must be\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:4.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(i) Sane\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(ii) Adult\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(iii) Non-coercion\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(iv) direct attack\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eAs far the nature of murder, it must be\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(i) Intentional\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(ii) Directly and not instrumental\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eAs far the deceased, he must be\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1029\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:51pt;height:17.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image009.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=68 height=23\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image010.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1029\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(i) Equivalent (takafoo) between murderer and the deceased.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(ii) Innocent \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is notice worthy that there is no condition for the\r\nconstitution of Qisas that the murder should be proved by two male, adult\r\nMuslim witnesses etc. so when all the above stated conditions are fulfilled,\r\nthe definite result is the Qisas giving right to the heirs of the deceased for\r\nretaliation or for compounding.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:7.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eQURAN\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1030\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:299.25pt;height:48pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image011.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=399 height=64\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image012.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1030\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn case of murder, the right or authority vests with wali of\r\nthe victim and not with the government. Quran Says:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eDo not kill any person the life of whom\r\nis sanctified by Allah, except for a just reason. And whoever is killed\r\nunjustly, We have invested his heir with authority (of equal retaliation), but\r\nhe must not cross the limit in the matter of killing. Surely, he will be\r\nhelped. (17/33).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe verse while conferring the authority\r\nto revenge or forgive does not make it conditional to its proof by Confession\r\nor by two witnesses as required by section 302(a), P.P.C.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1031\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:297.75pt;height:71.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image013.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=397 height=95\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image014.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1031\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;O you who believe, Qisas has been prescribed for you in\r\nthe case of murdered people: The freeman (will be killed) for the freeman, the\r\nslave for the slave, and the female for the female. However, if one is forgiven\r\nby his brother, the recourse (of the latter) is to pursue the former (for blood\r\nmoney) with fairness, and the obligation (of the former) is to pay (it) to the\r\nlatter in a nice way. That is a relief from your Lord, and a mercy. So, whoever\r\ntransgresses after all that will have a painful punishment.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eSo abolition of right of heirs of the deceased to forgive\r\nor accept blood money by labeling it as Ta\u0027azir\u0027 is blocking the way of\r\nrelaxation from Lord and depriving the victim\u0027s heir from blood money and the\r\noffender from Rahmat/blessing of Allah\u003c/u\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1032\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:303pt;height:69pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image015.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=404 height=92\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image016.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1032\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe verses of Quran about the murder are also general and no\r\nclassification or differentiation has been made between murder liable to Qisas\r\nor liable to Ta\u0027azir.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWe prescribed for them therein: A life for a life, an eye for\r\nan eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear and a tooth for a tooth; and for\r\nwounds, an equal retaliation. Then, if one forgives it, that will be expiation\r\nfor him. Those who do not judge according to what Allah has sent down, they are\r\nthe unjust.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is pertinent to note that right granted to man by Allah\r\ncannot be taken away by the government in any case. The govt. is the enforcing\r\nagency of the rights of its citizens and\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003enot usurper of their rights and that too when it is against Islamic law\r\nand Shariah.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1033\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:283.5pt;height:21pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image017.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=378 height=28\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image018.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1033\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is well settled Principle:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;The authority of the government\r\nover its public is subject to the welfare (of the public)\u0026quot; Placing the\r\nmurder under section 302(b), P.P.C. as Ta\u0027azir in which the legal heirs have no\r\nright to forgive or take blood money is violative of injunctions of the Quran,\r\nSunnah and also is the infringement of the rights of the citizens.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is pertinent to note that Allah\r\nordains for the Justice as well as for Ihsan or Compassion. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1034\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300pt;height:50.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image019.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=400 height=67\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image020.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1034\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAllah Says:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAllah enjoins to do justice and to adopt Ihsan and to give\r\nrelatives (their due rights), and forbids shameful acts, evil deeds and\r\noppressive attitude. He exhorts you, so that you may be mindful. (16/90).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection 302(b), P.P.C. deprives the legal heirs to obey the\r\ndivine order of Ihsan (Surrendering his right for Compassion).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eSUNNAH\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1035\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300pt;height:29.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image021.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=400 height=39\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image022.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1035\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(I) It is reported from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet\r\n(P.B.U.H.) Said:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;If a person is murdered, the legal\r\nheirs of the victim have two options, either get Diyat or demand for retaliation.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(Bokhari, Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmizi and\r\nNissai)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe renowned Egyptian Scholar, Wahbatul\r\nZuhaila further elaborates the point as follows:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn the murder, there is one of the two\r\noptions:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eQisas or Diyat and the Wali of the victim\r\nwill opt for one of the two:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(Al-zuhaili, al-Fiqhul Islamic Vol. 6,\r\npage 227)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1036\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:305.25pt;height:63pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image023.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=407 height=84\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image024.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1036\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e: \u0026quot;And whosoever Kills the innocent\r\nperson intentionally, he will be handed over to the heirs of the victim if they\r\nopt to kill him can kill him or they can take Diyat and if they compound on\r\nsome property, that is for them:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1037\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300.75pt;height:117pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image025.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=401 height=156\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image026.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1037\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e: \u0026quot;And whosoever is murdered, or is\r\ninjured his wali has three options either take Qisas, or forgive or if he wants\r\nto take Diyat and if he resorts to fourth option, stop his hands     ..\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA famous Muslim jurist Al-Fazeelat elaborates it further by\r\nsaying\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;It has been held that in all the crimes that involve the\r\nrights of a man, they transfer to his legal heirs after his death, it is upto\r\nthe legal heirs to demand retaliation of their propositus except when the\r\ndeceased propositus had forgiven before his death.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(Al Fazeelat, Saqootul Uqubat. (Arabic) Amman, 1987, Vol. 1\r\npage 44).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eQuran and Sunnah suggest the legal heirs for forgiveness as it\r\nwill be rewarded in the hereafter. The literal, technical and static\r\ninterpretation of section 302(b), P.P.C. creates a serious hurdle to obey the\r\ncommand of Allah and His Prophet and resultantly deprives them from their\r\nreward in the hereafter besides their reward of blood money in this world and\r\nof forgiveness\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhich promotes peace by ending\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eenmity between the families of victim and\r\noffender. The Prophet said\u0026quot;-\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(i)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;It\r\nis reported by Ibne-Masood, he said that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said\r\nForgive the people Muslim who committed murder.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(ii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nis reported by Aeysha ((R.T.A.) that the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said if one of the\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elegal heirs forgive, the others should not\r\ntake revenge even if it has been forgiven by a women heir---(Abu Daud,\r\nAl-Nissai).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(iii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nis reported by Ibne-Abbas he said \u0026quot;There was law of Qisas (retaliation)\r\nfor Bani Israel but no provision of Diyat, Allah told this Muslim Ummah that\r\nretaliation is provided for you in the matter of murder, free for the free  \r\n(Quran), and whosoever is forgiven by his brother  Ibne-Abbas says that the\r\nforgiveness is that he should accept Diyat in murder  This is relaxation from\r\nyour Lord and blessing.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(AL-Bokhari,\r\nAl-Nissai, Al-Dar Qutni)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTA\u0027AZIR\r\nHAS TWO APPLICATIONS\u003c/u\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(i)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eFirstly,\r\nas the power of the government to award (Ta-azir) as alternate punishment in\r\ncase Qisas is dropped or is non-enforceable.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThere\r\nis difference of opinion on this issue.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(a)\r\nHanafi and Maliki jurists hold that the Government is bound to award punishment\r\nas Ta\u0027azir in case the Qisas is dropped or forgiven\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eby the legal heirs. Such Ta\u0027azir may be 100\r\nstripes and one year imprisonment. (Bidayat ul Almujtahid 2/396,\r\nAl-Talweeh-o-Waltaudih, 2/155).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(b)\r\nThe majority jurists hold that Ta\u0027azir is not an obligation, it is the option\r\nwith the ruler to do it in public interest if he feels so. (Al-Talveeh\r\nWal-Tauzeeh, 2/155, and others C/O Zuhail 313/6).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(ii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eSecondly,\r\nTa\u0027azir as awarded in cases other than Qisas and Hudood. These may be in case\r\nof offences against the right of the person or against the State. There is no\r\nevidence from Quran, Sunnah or Fiqh which provides for death punishment to be\r\nawarded as right of Government for the simple murder in which only the right of\r\nparticular person is involved. So if death penalty arises out of the murder of\r\na person, the right of retaliation or forgiving absolutely and solely and vests\r\nwith the legal heirs of the victim and not with any other body.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1038\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:302.25pt;height:34.5pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image027.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=403 height=46\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image028.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1038\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eEven\r\notherwise, if Ta\u0027azir is the punishment for the offences involving violation of\r\nthe right of a person exclusively, it is the victim person or his legal heirs\r\nwho have the right of Afw or of retaliation. So a victim or his legal heirs as\r\nthe case may be have the right to forgive such Ta\u0027azir whether it be the death\r\npunishment, or imprisonments etc. because the reason/ground for the Ta\u0027azir\r\nPunishment like Qisas solely and wholly arises out of the violation of right of\r\nthe victim. However, if the offence of the offender involves any other offence\r\nin addition to the simple murder, the offender may be punished for the said\r\nadditional offence for violation of the right of the public. It is well-settled\r\nmaxim of Islamic law that Islamic Ahkam are based upon some reasons or Illah\r\nand revolve around such reason. If the reason is found, the ruling of Hukm will\r\nbe in action and if such reason or \u0027Illah\u0027 is missing or is taken away, its\r\nHukm will not be applicable.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1039\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:302.25pt;height:34.5pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image029.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=403 height=46\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image030.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1039\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Hukm\r\nor law of Shariah revolves around its reason/Illah in its application and in\r\nits non-application. When reason is there hukm will be applicable and when its\r\nreason is absent, hukm will be inapplicable.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nsimple and famous example in this regard is the cause for the prohibition of\r\nwine in Shariah. The reason/Illah behind the prohibition is the intoxication in\r\nthe wine, when is in the wine, wine will be prohibited or haram and when by\r\nadding any chemical to it, the intoxication is taken away and it is converted\r\nto vinegar, it becomes permitted or halal.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNow we\r\nexamine the evidence from Quran and Sunnah if the murder by whatever name and\r\nstyle labelled, it is the exclusive right of the victim or his legal heirs of\r\nretaliation or of forgiveness.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt must\r\nbe noted that Islamic law does not recognize the classification of murder as\r\nliable to Qisas or liable to Ta\u0027azir on the basis of different standards of\r\nevidence or mode of Proof. Murder is either proved or is not proved. It is\r\nproved either by confession of the offence or by two witnesses.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1040\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:158.25pt;height:47.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image031.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=211 height=63\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image032.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1040\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(Nail-ul-Autar\r\nby Alama Shookani, Vol. 7, pages 22 and 35)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAt\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecost\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003erepetition, it\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eonce\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eagain\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eretrieved\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethat whatever is the mode of evidence, it is the exclusive right of the\r\nvictim\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003elegal\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eheirs\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecase\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003emay\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ebe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edemand for Qisas or forgive. The supportive\r\nevidence to the said proposition is derived from Quran and Sunnah as discussed\r\nabove.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.5pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eANALOGY/LOGIC\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe distinction between the death penalty\r\nunder section 302(a) and section 302(b), P.P.C. on the basis of standard\r\nevidence is not only UnIslamic but also illogical and funny.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eSuppose a person has\r\nstolen my car you say\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.5pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;If\r\nthe car is proved to be stolen and recovered through the evidence of two adult\r\nMuslim witnesses coming up to the standard of Tazkiatul Shahood, it will be\r\nreturned to you/owner of the car but,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.5pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIf\r\nthe theft is proved by lower standard of proof i.e. by one witness and\r\ncircumstantial evidence, then it will not be handed over to you rather will be\r\nconfiscated by the Government.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe moot issue in punishment for murder\r\nis not the standard of evidence by which the offence is proved but the cause of\r\nthe punishment i.e. Whose right has been infringed? If the right of victim\r\nperson has been infringed, then it is the exclusive right of victim either to\r\nforgive the offender or take revenge by whatever style it is called, Qisas or\r\nTa\u0027azir,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eSection 302(b)\u003c/u\u003e.--Punishment of\r\ndeath by Ta\u0027azir by itself does not take away the right of the victim to\r\nforgive, it only provides for death punishment as Ta\u0027azir. Similarly section\r\n302(a), P.P.C. punishment of death as Qisas by itself does not provide for\r\ncompounding. The compounding is provided by an independent provision of law\r\ni.e. sections 306, 307 of P.P.C.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eHowever there is absence of clear\r\nprovision of law for compounding in Ta\u0027azir in our law books and not in Islamic\r\nlaw. The matter\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eancillary\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eakin\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003elaw/provisions\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003echapter. Section 338-F of\r\nP.P.C. is the anomaly removing provision of law and it reads as under.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eSection 338-F.\u003c/u\u003e--\u0026quot;In the\r\ninterpretation and application of the provisions of this chapter, and in\r\nrespect of matters ancillary or akin thereto, the court shall be guided by the\r\ninjunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:5.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003einteresting\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003enote\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethat\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edefinition\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eTa\u0027azir in section 299(l), P.P.C. does not\r\ninclude death punishment. So there is conflict between section 299 and the\r\nsection 302(a) and (b), P.P.C.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn case of murder, the right of the\r\nvictim to take revenge or to compound is provided by text of Quran and Sunnah\r\nwhich is conclusive evidence while elimination of this right by simply naming\r\nit as Ta\u0027azir is self-conflicting and against Islam, Hence is doubtful.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1041\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:81.75pt;height:17.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image033.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=109 height=23\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image034.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1041\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThere is Islamic legal Maxim (\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e                           \u003c/span\u003e)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0027Certitude cannot be replaced by doubtful\u0027 (AL-Majellah :4)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTAAZIR IS OF TWO TYPES \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eTa\u0027azir in the offences infringing right of\r\nAllah and\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eTa\u0027azir, in the offences infringing the right\r\nof individual.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIf Ta\u0027azir involves the right of Allah, the ruler can forgive\r\nthe offender in the public interest and if Ta\u0027azir involves the right of\r\nindividuals, then only the holder of the right can forgive his right.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1042\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:226.5pt;height:23.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image035.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=302 height=31\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image036.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1042\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe said proposition is\r\nbased upon the narration from the Holy Prophet.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Suggest forgiveness and get\r\nrewarded and Allah ordains through Prophet words as he likes\u0026quot; (Agreed by\r\nall except Ibn-e-Majah )\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe jurists have classified the crimes into\r\nvarious forms and have identified the murder as in class of crimes which\r\ninfringe the right of individual. Such rights are transferred by way of\r\ninheritance to the legal heirs of the victim after his death. The legal heirs\r\nhave the right to demand Qisas retribution or forgive the offender. The\r\nreference to one tradition of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). The Prophet said. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1043\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300.75pt;height:78.75pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image037.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=401 height=105\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image038.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1043\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(Abu Daud No.4491, Al-Darmi, 188:2)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(i)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eTa\u0027azir can be forgiven or waived.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWithout prejudice to the proposition that\r\nin case of a murder by whatever mode or standard of evidence it is proved and\r\nby whatever style, Qisas or Ta\u0027azir it is named, the Ta\u0027azir can be waived,\r\ncompounded or forgiven.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;In Taazir, forgiving, compounding and\r\nacquittal is permitted.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(Allama Kasani Badai-ul-Sanace Volv. 7,\r\nP.183, Urdu Lahore)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1044\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300.75pt;height:51pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image039.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=401 height=68\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image040.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1044\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(ii)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIn the case of murder the role of court is to\r\nidentify the offender and prove the allegation against him and not to punish or\r\nforgive, it is the right of the legal heir.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTranslation\u003c/u\u003e: \u0026quot;Thus, when it is proved before\r\nthe court that the offender is adult, sane and was not under coercion and it is\r\nproved before it that the victim was innocent and in equivalence (Kafaat), here\r\nthe case takes another shape and that is that the jurisdiction or authority of\r\njudge/court comes to end, and comes the role and jurisdiction of the Wali of\r\nthe victim who are entitled for Qisas. So the matter will be presented\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebefore\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethem\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethey\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eopt\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebetween\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eQisas,\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eAfw\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eor compounding.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(Al.Fazeelat, Saqotul\r\nQoobat, Amman 1987 P.77)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eTHE OPINION OF AUDAH MISCONCEIVED\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eThe Egyptian scholar of Fiqh, Adbul Qadir has discussed\r\nTa\u0027azir as alternate or substitute to Qisas in case:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:8.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhere Qasis is not enforceable or\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.5pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eThere\r\nis natural death of the offender and in\u003c/u\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethat case he refers, the opinion of Imam Malik that the punishment of\r\nTa\u0027azir may be one year imprisonment and hundred stripes, but other jurists\r\nhold that after the dropping (Saqoot) of Qisas, Ta\u0027azir is the right of Allah\r\ni.e., right of the Public or Society and that is for reprimand of the murderer\r\nwhen he is a known culprit and Qisas is dropped due to forgiveness of wali and\r\nonly then Imam may award light punishment as he deems proper and the three\r\nMuslim jurists do not suggest any fixed punishment for the murderer\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eafter\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003edrop\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eQisas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eor\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eforgiveness\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eto\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehim but there is nothing which\r\nforbids for the Ta\u0027azir punishment to the extent which the legislators think\r\nappropriate and a restraint for others.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.5pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAfter\r\ndilating upon the situation in which the Qisas is dropped by forgiveness or\r\notherwise or when there some people have collusion or assist in the murder,\r\nTa\u0027azir may be imposed. Dr.Audah makes a wide statement and that too without\r\nevidence from Quran and Sunnah that Taazir punishment may extend to penalty of\r\ndeath or for life imprisonment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1045\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:300.75pt;height:32.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image041.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=401 height=43\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image042.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1045\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eHe Says:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;There\r\nis nothing in Shariah which in case of Qatl bars the punishment as death or\r\nlife imprisonment as Ta\u0027azir. (Audah, Abdul Qadir, Al-Tashvee-ul-Jinai, Vol. 2,\r\nP.183-184, darul Kitab Al Arabi, Beirut).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1046\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:60.75pt;height:15.75pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image043.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=81 height=21\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image044.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1046\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:8.5pt;font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\";\r\nmso-bidi-font-family:\"MS Sans Serif\"\u0027\u003e\u003c!--[if gte vml 1]\u003e\u003cv:shape id=\"_x0000_i1047\"\r\n type=\"#_x0000_t75\" style=\u0027width:63pt;height:17.25pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003cv:imagedata src=\"2011J19_files/image045.wmz\" o:title=\"\"/\u003e\r\n\u003c/v:shape\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c![if !vml]\u003e\u003cimg width=84 height=23\r\nsrc=\"2011J19_files/image046.gif\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1047\"\u003e\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eEven\r\notherwise situation in which Ta\u0027azir has been suggested is clearly in case of\r\nSaqoot-e-Qasis\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e                \u003c/span\u003eand not\r\nsabot-e-Qisas \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eEven\r\notherwise, he does not negate the right of heirs of victim to forgive or\r\ncompound, he only focuses the quantum of punishment in Ta\u0027azir\u003c/u\u003e. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nsituation contemplated in difference between section 302(a) death punishment as\r\nQisas and section 302(b) death punishment as Ta\u0027azir is on the basis of\r\nEvidence or mode of Proof and not an alternate or substitute of the Qisas. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eCONCLUSION\u003c/u\u003e:\r\n\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(i)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eIn\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eboth\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ecases\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ewhether\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003emurder\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eis\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003epunishable\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eunder section 302(a) as Qisas or under section 302(b), P.P.C. as\r\nTa\u0027azir, the substantive offence (murder of the victim) is the infringement of\r\nthe right of victim individual. So it is the exclusive right of the wali of the\r\nvictim either to demand Qisas or forgive or take blood money..\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(ii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eBy\r\nthe application of provision of section 302(b), P.P.C., the widow and orphans\r\nof victim are deprived of their right of \u0027Afw\u0027 as well as of compensation or\r\nBadl-i-Sulh which may be the only source of their livelihood or maintenance .It\r\nis also ousts the scope of compounding for future peaceful living between the\r\nparties.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(iii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ndistinction is illogical. The offender of murder with high standard of\r\nProof/certitude [as in section 302(a)] enjoys the concession of Afw or Sulh\r\nwhile the offener of murder with much lower standard of Proof (doubtful guilt)\r\ndoes not enjoy such concession.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(iv)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ndistinction as provided in section 302(a) and section 302(b), P.P.C. is not\r\nprovided in Islamic law rather is strange to it. The Sunnah or even the jurists\r\nhave not made such distinction. The Sunnah shows that whenever murder was\r\nproved, the offender was put at the mercy of the wali of the victim. Even the\r\ndefinition of \u0027qisas\u0027 in Islamic law as well as in section 299(k) does not make\r\nsuch distinction of as \u0027Qisas\u0027 or as \u0027Ta\u0027azir\u0027.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(v)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nterm `Qisas\u0027 may be read and understood as inclusive of Ta\u0027azir for the\r\npurposes of sections 306, 307, 309 and 310 when it is the result of the murder\r\nof a victim and only the right of the individuals is involved.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(vi)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nmisuse\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eor malstructuring of a term by a\r\nclerk or draft man of Ministry of Law cannot take away the substantive right of\r\nthe victim citizen of Pakistan which is clearly proved by Islam as well as by\r\nlaw, morality and logic and by Article 25 of the Constitution of Islamic\r\nRepublic of Pakistan, 1973.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(vii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\nthe interpretation of the application of the provisions of the chapter, the\r\ncourt shall be guided by the injunction of Islam. (section 338-F, P.P.C.).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(viii) Confining \u0027Qisas\u0027 to section\r\n302(a) will not only adversely affect application\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003esection\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003e307(b)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebut\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ealso\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eapplication\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof section 307(b) \u0026amp; (c) and provisions of\r\nsection 306(a), (b) \u0026amp; (c) which application makes the law illogical.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(ix)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nis well-settled law that Ta\u0027azir cannot reach the Hadd punishment. So in the\r\nsame offence Ta\u0027azir punishment cannot be awarded as death.. (Kasani Volume 7\r\npage 182)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(x)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eIf\r\nthe Supreme Court has the Constitutional right to strike down the Provisions of\r\nlaw which are against Islamic injunctions as well as violative of fundamental\r\nrights, then why it cannot strike down the interpretation of a law which\r\nsuggests the violation of Islam and the Constitution and adopt the\r\ninterpretation which is in line with the Islamic principles as well as of the\r\nConstitution.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(xi)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eTo\r\nthe jurists, if Ta\u0027azir punishment is the result or punishment for the\r\nviolation of the right of a person, then it has the legal effects of Afw or\r\nSullh by that person like any other cases of rights of people as opposite to\r\nHudood offences and the consequential effects will flow in Ta\u0027azir like that in\r\nQisas. (Kasani, Bada ul Sana \u0027I - Vol.7 page 183 Urdu)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(xii)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n310 makes a space for compounding as it refers to Qatl-i-Amd only.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(xiii) The victim can also suggest\r\nother lesser punishment in lieu of qisas and can also forgive any type of\r\npunishment awarded against the murder simple for whether it is death\r\nimprisonment or whipping etc. because in murder the right infringed is that of\r\nvictim and of non-else.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(xiv) It is to be noted that\r\nclassification and differentiation of Crimes into Hadd or Ta\u0027azir or Qisas or\r\nTa\u0027azir is based upon the nature of crimes committed and not on the basis of\r\nmode of Proof. This type of classification whether in Hudood laws of Pakistan\r\nis totally alien and strange to Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh. In Islam, a crime is\r\neither proved by the required standard of Proof or is disproved if the required\r\nstandard is not available creating a presumptive nexus of Quantum of punishment\r\nproportionate with standard of proof is neither acceptable nor digestible by\r\nIslamic law. However if the offender has committed some other crime with the\r\nsaid offence, he can be punished for it under Ta\u0027azir. Every offence has its\r\nindependent pedestal of evidence and proof.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(xv)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003eIt\r\nis pertinent to note that if the punishment of death as Ta\u0027azir under section\r\n302(b) P.P.C. is not accepted as right of the victim, then it not only excludes\r\nthe benefits of compounding or forgiveness by the victim but also the benefits\r\nof non-enforcement of such death penalty under Ta\u0027azir mentioned under section\r\n307(a) and (C) of P.P.C. which are otherwise generously available under Islamic\r\nlaw as provided by texts of Quran and Sunnah. Similarly such destruction would\r\nbe a discrimination and would adversely affect the right of heirs of the victim\r\nto receive Diyat or Badl-i-Sulh or even to forgive to end the enmity and in\r\nbetter interest of peaceful society and in compliance of Allah\u0027s command.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=right style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;\r\nmargin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-align:right;text-indent:-.3in;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003eANNEX: \u0026quot;A\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eRELEVANT\r\nPROVISIONS IN P.P.C.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e(\u003cu\u003eDefinition\r\nof Qisas section 299 (k)\u003c/u\u003e Qisas\u0027 means punishment by causing similar hurt at\r\nsame part of the body of the convict as he has caused to the victim or by\r\ncausing his death if he has committed qatl-e-amd and in exercise of the right\r\nof the victim or a wali.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n302. \u003cu\u003ePunishment of Qat-e-Amd\u003c/u\u003e.--Whoever commits qatl-e-amd, subject to\r\nthe provisions of this Chapter be--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n302(a) \u003cu\u003ePunished with death as qisas;\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n302(b) punished with death or imprisonment for life as Ta\u0027azir having regard to\r\nthe facts and circumstances, of the case, if the proof in either of the forms\r\nspecified in section 304 is not available; or.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection.\r\n306: \u003cu\u003eQatl-e-Amd not liable to Qisas;\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nan offender is a minor or insane.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nan offender causes death of his child or grandchild.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nany wali of the victim is a direct descendant, howlowsoever, of the offender.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n307. \u003cu\u003eCases in which qisas for Qatl-i-amd shall not be enforced\u003c/u\u003e.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nthe offender dies before the enforcement of qisas.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nany Wali, voluntarily and without duress, to the satisfaction of the court\r\nwaives the right of qisas under section 309 or compounds under section 310; and\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e   \u003c/span\u003eWhen\r\nthe right of qisas devolves on the offender as a result of the death of the\r\nWali of the Victim, or on the person who has no right of Qisas against the\r\noffender.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n308: \u003cu\u003ePunishment in qatl-e-amd not liable to qisas, etc\u003c/u\u003e.-- (1) where an\r\noffender guilty of Qatl-e-amd is not liable to qisas under section 306 or the\r\nqisas is not enforceable under clause ( c) of section 307, he shall be liable\r\nto diyat:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n309. \u003cu\u003eWaiver. Afw of qisas in qatl-e- amd.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn\r\ncase of qatl-e-amd and adult sane wali may, at any time and without any\r\ncompensation, waive his right of Qisas.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n310: \u003cu\u003eCompounding of qisas (Sulh) in qatl-e-amd\u003c/u\u003e.--In the case of\r\nQatl-e-amd, an adult sane wali may, at any time on accepting badal-i-Sulh,\r\ncompound his right of qisas.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eSection\r\n311. Ta\u0027zir after waiver or compounding of right of qisas in qatl-e-amd. \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e----------\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eEFFECT OF 18TH\r\nAMENDMENT ON THE LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE FEDERATION AND PROVINCES\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e[A Case of Labour\r\nLegislation in the changed\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eConstitutional Scenario]\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eM. S. Jamal,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:center;\r\nmso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eAdvocate, Lahore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWith the repeal of Concurrent Legislative\r\nList Legal debate/ controversy has started on the issue whether Federal\r\nLegislature can legislate on labour-related matters after the devolution plan\r\nwas affected within the meaning of the Constitution. Professionals are divided\r\nin opinion. May we find a legal way to the power of the Federal legislature in\r\nthis regard, in view of trade unionism related commitments of the Federal\r\nGovernment and need to address the labour relations issues of national\r\nimportance?\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe 18th Constitutional Amendment\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethat came into force on 20th April, 2010 has\r\nrepealed, the distribution of legislative powers between the Federation and\r\nProvinces the\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eConcurrent Legislative\r\nList (by omitting entries 1-47) from Schedule IV appended to the Constitution\r\nthrough Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and Provincial Assembly respectively that\r\nis governed by Articles 141 - 144 will now be in the amended shape as\r\nfollows;--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Subject\r\nto the Constitution, Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may make laws (including laws\r\nhaving extra-territorial operation) for the whole or any part of Pakistan, and\r\na Provincial Assembly may make laws for or any part thereof - (Art.141).\r\nMajlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have exclusive power to make laws with\r\nrespect to any matter in the Federal Legislative List - (Art.142(a).\r\nMajlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and a Provincial Assembly shall have power to make\r\nlaws with respect to criminal law, criminal procedure and evidence -\r\n(Art.142(b)). Subject to paragraph (b), a Provincial Assembly shall, and\r\nMajlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall not have power to make laws with respect to\r\nany matter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List - (Art.142(c).\r\nMajlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have exclusive power to make laws with\r\nrespect to all matters pertaining to such areas in the Federation as are not\r\nincluded in any Province - (Art.142(d)).\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eArticle 143 relates to inconsistency\r\nbetween Federal and Provincial laws and so it will not be relevant to our discussion\r\non the distribution of subject areas between the Parliament and a Provincial\r\nAssembly for the purpose of legislation. The possibility to invoke the\r\napplication of Article 144(1) (reproduced below) is, however, examined in this\r\nregard.--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eArticle\r\n144(1)\u003c/u\u003e.--If one or more Provincial Assemblies pass resolutions to the\r\neffect that Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may by law regulate any matter not\r\nenumerated in the Federal Legislative\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eList in the Fourth Schedule, it shall be lawful for Majlis-e-Shoora\r\n(Parliament) to pass an Act for regulating the matter accordingly, but any Act\r\nso passed may, as respects any Province to which it applies, be amended or\r\nrepealed by Act of the Assembly of that Province.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is clear from the above provisions of\r\nthe Constitution that if the matter of legislation on labour-related issues\r\nstands exclusively transferred from the domain of the Federation to Provinces\r\nas Federal powers in that regard are absolutely clinched and taken away, all efforts\r\nthen to re-cloth the Federal Legislature with these powers will be an exercise\r\nin futile. If so needed for pronounced objectives of national importance to\r\nenable a Federal Labour Relations Bill to get through, the only remedy is to\r\ninvoke the provision of Art.144 above. However, in such a case the province\r\nwill have precedence or supremacy over the Federation. This will be an unusual\r\nsituation and so it will be difficult to adhere to in normal circumstances.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLet us now look at the subject of labour\r\nentries omitted from the repealed Concurrent Legislative List. These appear at\r\nS.Nos.26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 and are reproduced below for the sake of\r\nreference:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;26.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eWelfare of labour, conditions of labour, provident fund,\r\nemployers\u0027 liability and workman\u0027s compensation, health insurance including\r\ninvalidity pensions, old age pensions\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;27.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eTrade unions; industrial and labour disputes\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;28.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eThe setting up and carrying on of labour exchanges,\r\nemployment information bureaus and training establishments\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;29.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eBoilers\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;30.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eRegulation of labour and safety in mines, factories and\r\noil fields\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;31.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eUnemployment insurance.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLaws on most of these subjects continue\r\nto exist on the statute book albeit their ownership is still to be determined.\r\nMostly the Federal Government or erstwhile Central Government made those during\r\nBritish Rule in India. But laws on trade unions; industrial and labour disputes\r\nwere made unequivocally by the Central Government by fully adhering to the\r\nlaissez faire policy of the British mind in India to meet specific industrial\r\nobjectives and the requirement of the time. Exercise of the doctrine of\r\nstate\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eintervention was intentionally\r\navoided. India continues with the laissez faire policy of British time as\r\nevident from its labour relations laws discussed in the later part of this\r\narticle.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eClear departure from this policy was made\r\nin Air Marshal Noor Khan\u0027s Labour Policy of 1969 that resulted in the enactment\r\nof the Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969. For the first time the law in its\r\nroots was based closely on the parameters of ILO\u0027s basic democratic Conventions\r\nNo.87 (freedom of association) and No.98 (collective bargaining). This law was\r\namended quit a number of times in the years to come. The system of Industrial\r\nRelations was strengthened by the Z.A. Bhutto\u0027s Labour Policy of 1972, known as\r\nfair deal in labour. Separate and independent Labour Judiciary (Labour Courts\r\nand, Courts and, Labour Appellate Tribunals in the provincial setting) that was\r\nbrought in place under IRO 1969 was further strengthened, streamlined and\r\nintegrated with a newly created quasi-judicial body in the name of National\r\nIndustrial Relations Commission, at the national level. The new body was\r\nentrusted with multiple functions including adjudication and overall superintendence\r\nover the working of the provincial labour courts. In this way, a well-planned\r\nregulatory system of labour relations was brought in force. The subject of\r\ntrade unionism and freedom of association was dealt with both at the national\r\nand provincial level in a systematic manner. In addition, the requirement of\r\nworkplace industrial relations was also not overlooked. The institution of\r\nparticipative management and procedure of redress of individual grievance were\r\nintroduced in this law, enacted by the Federal Government.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWhen this legislative framework has\r\ndelivered considerable output, question arises: can adversarial effects so\r\ngenerated by the legislative and administrative devolution plan save it? Will\r\nthe ownership of existing laws under the devolution plan be completely\r\ntransferred to the Provinces or will these laws be repealed and Provinces will\r\nenact new laws on the subjects thereof to meet province - specific situation\r\nand conditions or the will Federal Government continue to have stake in their\r\nexistence? To me it is not an easy task to summarily dispose of this huge work\r\ndone during pre - and post-independence period. In any way any decision to\r\ndispense with this serious legislative asset with a stroke of pen will be\r\nfatal.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLet us have a quick comparison with\r\nIndian legislative approach. Central Labour Acts in India cover the following\r\nareas:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Industrial Relations\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Wages\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Working Hours, Condition of Service and Employment\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Equality and Employment of Women\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Deprived and Disadvantaged Sections of the Society\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Social Security\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Labour Welfare\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLaws\r\nrelated to Employment and Training\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eOthers\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:\r\n1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eAnd the Laws related to Industrial Relations are:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e1.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nTrade Unions Act, 1926\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e2.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nTrade Unions (Amendments) Act, 2001\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e3.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nIndustrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e4.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nIndustrial Employment (Standing Orders) Rules, 1946\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e5.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nIndustrial Dispute Act, 1947\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eWhile Pakistan has around 70 labour\r\nenactments on the statute book, the total laws on the statute book of India are\r\n53 in number, out of which 9 were from the pre-partition period, enacted by the\r\nBritish Rule in India and the remaining 44 were enacted by India in the\r\npost-partition period. Out of five laws related to industrial relation 3 are\r\nfrom the British time. Evidently, India continues with the policy of British\r\nEmpire in India with regard to industrial relation that was overwhelmingly the \u003cb\u003epolicy\r\nof laissez faire\u003c/b\u003e or non-interventionism as pointed out in the above\r\naccount.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eAnother sharp contrast with India is the\r\nunique legislative development in Pakistan. ILO Conventions 87 and 98\r\nconcerning freedom of association and collective bargaining ratified\r\nrespectively were ratified by Pakistan in the years 1951 and 1952. In pursuance\r\nof its commitment to ILO, Pakistan closely structured its industrial relations\r\nlaw based on\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe premises of these instruments.\r\nIt is to be noted that India on the other hand has not so far ratified ILO\r\nConventions 87 and 98 and therefore is not bound to base its labour relations\r\nlaw on these instrument. Pakistan does on the other hand.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003ePakistan has honored faithfully ILO\u0027s\r\ninstruments, from the day of framing its Constitution in 1973. It is\r\nwork-mentioning that it has also included the subjects of international\r\ntreaties, conventions and agreements and international arbitration (concerning\r\nvarious Ministries) as Entry No.37 in the Federal Legislative List besides\r\nkeeping the Concurrent Legislative List along with it in the Constitution. Is\r\nit not a mark of Pakistan\u0027s international and national concern besides\r\nrecognizing Provincial capability to legislate for the interest of Provinces?\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eILO Conventions covering vast areas of\r\nthe subject of LABOUR, with close proximity with almost all labour-related\r\nentries contained in the Concurrent Legislative List. Pakistan invariably is to\r\nlegislate, broadly covering the following subject matters of ILO Convention\r\nratified by it:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eFreedom\r\nof Association and Collective Bargaining\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eFreedom\r\nof Association in Agriculture\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*.\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e    \u003c/span\u003eWorking\r\nHours and Rest Intervals\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eEmployment\r\nof Women and Young Persons\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003ePeriodical\r\nMedical Examination\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eWorkmen\r\nCompensation and Social Security\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eEmployment\r\nof Young Persons and Children\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eEmployment\r\nof Disabled Persons\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eNon-fee\r\nCharging Employment Agencies\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eEquality\r\nof Opportunity and Treatment\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eLabour\r\nInspection\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eSuppression\r\nof Forced Labour\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eAbolition\r\nof Forced Labour\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eWorst\r\nForms of Child Labour\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eTripartite\r\nConsultation on Labour Standards\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eIndisgenous\r\nand Tribal Population\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eSeafarer\u0027s\r\nIdentification Document\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.0pt;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eGender\r\nEquality based Remunerations\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e*\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e     \u003c/span\u003eEmployment\r\nand working conditions in factories, mines, commerce, ships, docks etc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eThe Conventions on these subjects as\r\nratified by Pakistan include C.1, C.4, C.6, C.11, C.14, C.16, C.18, C.19, C.21,\r\nC.22, C.27, C.29, C.32, C.45, C.59, C.80, C.81, C.87, C.89, C.90, C.96, C.98,\r\nC.100, C.105, C.111, C.116, C.118, C.138, C.144, C.159, C.182, C.185.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIn other words, these subjects being part\r\nof the Federal Legislative List rightly fall in the domain of Federal\r\nlegislature, though these subjects barring labour welfare areas if are further\r\nnarrowed down safely cover the subjects of items 26, 27, 28 and 30 of the\r\nrepealed Concurrent Legislative List. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the\r\nFederal Legislature is debarred to legislate on the subject areas of these\r\nConventions. Despite the fact that one school of lawyer holds this view. They\r\ntreat Conventions to be honoured by the Provinces also, but exclusive\r\nlegislative power henceforth rests with them. This is a wrong perception and\r\ndenial of a fact on the face of it. \u003cb\u003eArticle 142(a) clearly holds that the\r\nParliament shall have exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter\r\nin the Federal Legislative List. \u003c/b\u003eVirtually, trade unionism is universally\r\nacknowledged as subject of international character. Wherever legislation has\r\nbeen made on labour relations or trade unionism, it has been one at the national\r\nlevel. In a federal set up, provinces\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eand\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003estates\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eare\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eautomatically\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ecovered. Not\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eonly\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003ehas\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethis, Article 17(1) of the\r\nConstitution 1973 of the country, which is supreme law, also endorsed the\r\ncommitment of Pakistan to freedom of association.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNow, because of 18th amendment the entire\r\nedifice of legal structure of industrial relation has been demolished,\r\nconsciously or unconsciously. No bigger harm to the basis of industrial\r\nrelations law was done before, not even in General Zial-ul-Haq\u0027s time whose\r\npolicies were opposed to trade unionism. It is a matter of recorded history\r\nthat he did not allow any labour policy to come in his lifetime.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNow, if Provincial legislature is to\r\nlegislate in labour relations field independent of the Federation, its limits\r\nshould be province-specific. For example, to legislate on workplace industrial\r\nrelations and creation of provincial level labour judiciary and its linkage\r\nwith Provincial High Courts. Even it can effectively evolve legislative\r\nmeasures to protect and bi-partite workplace code of conducts within provincial\r\nboundaries. Logically, it would be appropriate for the Provinces to legislative\r\nfor higher productivity derives and workplace productivity bargain, welfare\r\nschemes, social security, labour inspection, social insurance, provident fund,\r\ncreation of housing colonies for workers, safety and\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ehealth at workplaces, workers children\r\neducation, vocational training, wages etc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eIt is generally contended that the\r\ndecision to abolish Concurrent Legislative List along with the decision to\r\nabolish certain subject-related administrative ministries including the M/o\r\nLabour were taken in pursuance of the obligation laid down in Article 37,\r\nclause (i) of the Constitution of 1973 as contained in the Principles of Policy\r\nthat reads as follows:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;The\r\nState shall decentralize the Government administration so as to facilitate\r\nexpeditious disposal of its business to meet the\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003econvenience and requirements of the\r\npublic.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eLet me say that the abolition of\r\nConcurrent Legislative List prima facie has no nexus with the decentralization\r\nof Government administration, but the decision to abolish administrative\r\nministries will be construed as having link with decentralization of Federal\r\nGovernment business or administration. However, creating this nexus or link\r\nwith abolition of Concurrent Legislative List is not understandable.\r\nNevertheless, to my perception it is not a wise decision as it may lead to\r\nmultiple administrative issues and public inconvenience and difficulties. The question\r\nis who will check whom and who will coordinate the corresponding business in\r\nthe provisions. Moreover, ministries are created under the rules of business\r\nmade under Article 99(3) of the Constitution for the allocation and transaction\r\nof the business of the Federal Government. The ministries too are\r\nrepresentatives of the state to the outside world. In fact, by the decision in\r\nan un-thoughtful manner and without lot of spadework is rightly creating\r\nconfusion and upheaval in the arena\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein\r\nlegislative as well as administrative work. Furthermore, Article 146 rightly\r\nprovides the practical basis for transfer of any business to the provinces. It\r\nreads as follows:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1in;\r\nmargin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.3in;mso-pagination:none;\r\npage-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:\r\nnone\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003e\u0026quot;Article\r\n146(1). \u003cb\u003eNotwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Federal\r\nGovernment may with the consent of the Government of a Province, entrust either\r\nconditionally or unconditionally to that Government, or to its officers,\r\nfunctions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of the\r\nFederation extends.\u0026quot;\u003c/b\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-bottom:.1in;text-align:justify;text-indent:\r\n.2in;mso-pagination:none;page-break-after:avoid;tab-stops:.5in;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eNow, if the Federal Government is to rise\r\nto the occasion it can invoke the Federal Legislative List to make a clear law\r\non industrial relations without duplicating functions with the Provinces on the\r\nsubject. They are also advised not to devolve the Ministry of Labour for\r\nobvious reasons. At least there must be a relevant Ministry to do all this\r\nbusiness for the Federal Government and to act as country\u0027s true representative\r\nat international forum. The\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eset\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eup\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ethe\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eMinistry\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eLabour\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eand Manpower\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003edeveloped\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eover\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ea\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003econsiderable\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eperiod\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eof\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e \r\n\u003c/span\u003etime\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003eshould\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003enot\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ebe\r\nallowed to devolve; otherwise, loss will be irreparable and irreversible.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eIt is generally contended that the decision to\r\nabolish Concurrent Legislative List along with the decision to abolish certain\r\nsubject-related administrative ministries including the M/o Labour were taken\r\nin pursuance of the obligation laid down in Article 37, clause (i) of the\r\nConstitution of 1973 as contained in the Principles of Policy that reads as\r\nfollows:-\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The State shall\r\ndecentralize the Government administration so as to facilitate expeditious\r\ndisposal of its business to meet the convenience and requirements of the\r\npublic.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eLet me say that the abolition of Concurrent\r\nLegislative List prima facie has no nexus with the decentralization of\r\nGovernment administration, but the decision to abolish administrative\r\nministries will be construed as having link with decentralization of Federal\r\nGovernment business or administration. However, creating this nexus or link with\r\nabolition of Concurrent Legislative List is not understandable. Nevertheless,\r\nto my perception it is not a wise decision as it may lead to multiple\r\nadministrative issues and public inconvenience and difficulties. The question\r\nis who will check whom and who will coordinate the corresponding business in\r\nthe provisions. Moreover, ministries are created under the rules of business\r\nmade under Article 99(3) of the Constitution for the allocation and transaction\r\nof the business of the Federal Government. The ministries too are\r\nrepresentatives of the state to the outside world. In fact, by the decision in\r\nan un-thoughtful manner and without lot of spadework is rightly creating\r\nconfusion and upheaval in the arena in legislative as well as administrative\r\nwork. Furthermore, Article 146 rightly provides the practical basis for\r\ntransfer of any business to the provinces. It reads as follows:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Article 146(1).\r\nNotwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Federal Government\r\nmay with the consent of the Government of a Province, entrust either\r\nconditionally or unconditionally to that Government, or to its officers,\r\nfunctions in relation to any matter to which the executive authority of the\r\nFederation extends.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eNow, if the Federal Government is to rise to the\r\noccasion it can invoke the Federal Legislative List to make a clear law on\r\nindustrial relations without duplicating functions with the Provinces on the\r\nsubject. They are also advised not to devolve the Ministry of Labour for\r\nobvious reasons. At least there must be a relevant Ministry to do all this\r\nbusiness for the Federal Government and to act as country\u0027s true representative\r\nat international forum. The set up of the Ministry of Labour and Manpower\r\ndeveloped over a considerable period of time should not be allowed to devolve;\r\notherwise, loss will be irreparable and irreversible.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n  \r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"