"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"2008J17_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eOVERVIEW OF COMPETITION LAWS OF PAKISTAN\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eOratier\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eOratier\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  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Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003c/head\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in;text-justify-trim:punctuation\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003eOVERVIEW OF COMPETITION LAWS OF PAKISTAN\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003eWITH REFERENCE TO COMPETITION REGIMES\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eOF EU \u0026amp; UK\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center;mso-pagination:none;\r\nmso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eIrfan Munawar Gill, Advocate, Lahore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eIntroduction\r\n\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\r\n style=\u0027border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;\r\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eA\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eAbuse of Dominant\r\n  Position\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e78\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:1\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eAbuse of Dominant\r\n  Position from the Perspective of\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  Ordinance of 2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e78\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:2\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003eDominant Position\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e78\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:3\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eAbuse of Dominant\r\n  Position\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e79\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:4\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003eAbuse of Dominant\r\n  Position from the perspective of UK\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eCompetition Act, 1998 (\u0026quot;ACT Of 1998\u0026quot;)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e80\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:5\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eChapter 2, section\r\n  18 of Act of 1998\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:6\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eNapp Pharmaceutical\r\n  Holdings Limited 4-4-2001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:7\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eAbuse of Dominant\r\n  Position as per EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:8\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eArticle 82 EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:9\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eBritish Airways v.\r\n  Commission 1998 ECR 207\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:10\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eUnited Brands v.\r\n  Commission 1998 ECR 207\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:11\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eB.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eProhibited\r\n  Agreements\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:12\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eProhibited Agreements from the Perspective of Ordinance\r\n  of 2007\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:13\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eAgreement\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:14\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eProhibited Agreements\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:15\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eProhibited Agreements\r\n  as per Act of 1998\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:16\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eChapter 1, section 2\r\n  of Act of 1998\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:17\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eHasbro Toys and Games\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:18\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003ePrice Fixing of\r\n  Replica Football Kit\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:19\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eStore Cards\r\n  Reference Case 18/3/2004\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:20\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eProhibited Agreements\r\n  as per EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:21\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eAccording to Article\r\n  81 of EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:22\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eICI v. Commission\r\n  1972 ECR 619\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:23\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eMicrosoft, Commission\r\n  Decision 24/4/2004\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:24\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eC.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eIndividual and\r\n  Block Exemptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:25\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eIndividual and Block\r\n  Exemptions under the Ordinance of 2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n  .2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:26\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eCriteria for\r\n  Individual and Block Exemptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e85\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:27\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eIndividual and Block\r\n  Exemptions as per Act of 1998\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e86\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:28\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eCriteria for\r\n  Individual and Block Exemptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:29\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(c)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eIndividual and Block\r\n  Exemptions as per EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:30\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eCosten and Grundig v.\r\n  The Commission 1966 ECR 299\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:31\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003eVichy CJ 1991 L 75/75\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:32\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eRe VBBB and VBVB\r\n  Agreement 1984 2 CMLR 344\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:33\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eD\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eMergers\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:34\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eMergers as per\r\n  Ordinance of 2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:35\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eMergers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:36\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eFactors for Determination of Substantial Lessening of\r\n  Competition\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:37\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eMergers/\r\n  Concentrations as per U.K. Competition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n  -.1pt\u0027\u003eAct of 1998 and EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:38\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eDefinition of\r\n  Concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:39\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eContinental Can\r\n  (1973)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:40\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eBAT-Philip Morris\r\n  (1987)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:41\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eE.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDeceptive Market\r\n  Practices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:42\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eOrdinance of 2007\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:43\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eU.K. Competition Act\r\n  of 1998 and EC Treaty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:44\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eF.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eCompetition\r\n  Authorities\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:45\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(a)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eCompetition\r\n  Commission of Pakistan Sections 12-27\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:46\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eFunctions and Powers\r\n  of the Commission (sections 28-40)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:47\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003ePowers to Issue\r\n  Interim Order\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:48\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003ePower of Commission in relation to Proceedings or \u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eEnquiry Section 33\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n  -.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:49\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ePower to Enter and\r\n  Search Premises Section 34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:50\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eForcible Entry\r\n  Section 35\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:51\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003ePenalty Section 38\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:52\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eLeniency Section 39\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:53\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ePower to Make Rules\r\n  and Regulations Sections 55 and 56\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:54\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eAppeals\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:55\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eUK and EU Competition\r\n  Authorities\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n \u003ctr style=\u0027mso-yfti-irow:56;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=73 valign=top style=\u0027width:54.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-alt:\r\n  solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eG.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=450 valign=top style=\u0027width:337.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:\r\n  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eConclusion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\n  style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n  \u003ctd width=67 valign=top style=\u0027width:.7in;border-top:none;border-left:none;\r\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\r\n  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;\r\n  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt\u0027\u003e\r\n  \u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\n  text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\r\n  \u003c/td\u003e\r\n \u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/table\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003eIntroduction\r\n\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003eMonopoly Control\r\nAuthority established under \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eMonopolies\r\nand Restrictive Trade Practices Ordinance, 1970 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.75pt\u0027\u003elaid to eternal rest on 3rd October, 2007. Competition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eOrdinance of Pakistan was promulgated on\r\n03.10.2007 \u003c/span\u003e(\u0026quot;Ordinance of 2007\u0026quot;) with specific mandate to\r\ncreate conditions \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003efor free competition in all\r\nspheres of commercial and economic \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003eactivity\r\nto enhance economic efficiency and to protect \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.45pt\u0027\u003econsumers from anti-competitive behaviour. Competition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eCommission of Pakistan (the Commission) has been\r\nestablished \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eunder section 12 of\r\nOrdinance of 2007 to give effect to the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eprovisions of Ordinance of 2007 and has been given wide \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003epowers to check and punish anti-competitive\r\npractices. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eCompetition Commission\r\nin UK and European Commission at \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eEU\r\nlevel are responsible to create and maintain effective \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003ecompetitive environment on State and community\r\nlevel \u003c/span\u003erespectively.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eNow, I would like\r\nto discuss in my own idiosyncratic \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003emanner\r\nthe Ordinance of 2007 and the Commission with \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eparticular reference to competition regimes of UK and EU \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003esupported by approach/interpretation adopted by\r\ncompetition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003ecommission along with\r\noffice of Fair Trading UK and EU \u003c/span\u003eCommission while giving effect to the\r\nprovisions of competition laws.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eA. \u003cu\u003eABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eControlling the\r\nbehaviour of the dominant market \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eplayers\r\nis vital for maintaining the even playing field for new \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eentrants and competitors so that dominant player\r\ncould not \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eengage in distortive\r\npractices that affect the shape and \u003c/span\u003estructure of market.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eAbuse of dominant position from the perspective of \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003eOrdinance of 2007 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003eDominant position \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eChapter I, section\r\n2(e) of the Ordinance of 2007 defines \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ethe\r\ndominant position as under:-\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Dominant Position\u0026quot; of one undertaking or\r\nseveral \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eundertakings in a relevant market\r\nshall be deemed to exist if \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003esuch\r\nundertaking or undertakings have the ability to behave to an appreciable extent\r\nindependently of competitors, customers, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003econsumers and suppliers and the position of an undertaking \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eshall be presumed to be dominant if its share of\r\nthe relevant \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003emarket exceeds forty per\r\ncent.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eAbuse of dominant position\u003c/u\u003e:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003eChapter 2 section\r\n3 of the Ordinance of 2007\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(1) No person shall\r\nabuse dominant position.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e(2) An abuse of\r\ndominant position shall be deemed to have \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.15pt\u0027\u003ebeen brought about, maintained or continued if it consists of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003epractices which prevent, restrict, reduce or\r\ndistort competition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003ein relevant\r\nmarket.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e(3) The express\r\n\u0026quot;practices\u0026quot; referred to in subsection (2) shall \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003einclude but are not limited to:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e(a) limiting\r\nproduction, sales and unreasonable increases in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.25pt\u0027\u003eprice or other unfair trading conditions;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e(b) Price\r\ndiscrimination by charging different prices for the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003esame goods or services from different customers\r\nin the absence \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eof objective\r\njustifications that may justify different prices.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(c) Tie-ins, where\r\nthe sale of goods or service is made \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003econditional\r\non the purchase of other goods or services.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e(d) Making the\r\nconclusion of contracts subject to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eacceptance\r\nby the other parties of supplementary obligations \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ewhich by their nature or according to commercial\r\nusage, have \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003eno connections with the\r\nsubject of contracts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e(e) Applying\r\ndissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.25pt\u0027\u003eon other parties, placing them at a competitive disadvantage.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(f) Predatory\r\npricing driving competitor out of a market, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.25pt\u0027\u003eprevent new entry and monopolize the market.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e(g) Boycotting or\r\nexcluding any other undertaking from the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eproduction, distribution or sale of any goods or the provision of \u003c/span\u003eany\r\nservice.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e(h) Refusing to\r\ndeal.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.95pt\u0027\u003eAs the Ordinance\r\nof 2007 and the Commission \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eestablished\r\nunder the Ordinance of 2007 has just few months \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003ebefore replaced the toothless Monopoly and Control Authority so there are\r\nno case laws/determinations to clarify the scope \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003eand application of doctrine of abuse of dominant power as \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.8pt\u0027\u003eexpounded by section 3 of the Ordinance of 2007.\r\nThe \u003c/span\u003eCommission has recently initiated an inquiry into the complaint \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003elodged by Islamabad Stock Exchange against Karachi\r\nStock \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eExchange alleging contravention\r\nof provisions of section 3 of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eOrdinance\r\nof 2007.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eAbuse of dominant\r\nposition from the perspective of UK \u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eCompetition Act, 1998 (\u0026quot;Act of 1998\u0026quot;)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eChapter 2, section 18 of UK:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(1) Any conduct on\r\nthe part of one or more undertakings \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ewhich\r\namounts to the abuse of dominant position in a market \u003c/span\u003eis prohibited if\r\nit may affect trade within the United Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(2) Conduct may,\r\nin particular, constitute such an abuse if \u003c/span\u003eit consists in:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) directly or\r\nindirectly imposing unfair purchase or selling \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eprices or other trading conditions;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(b) limiting\r\nproduction, markets or technical development to \u003c/span\u003ethe prejudice of\r\nconsumers;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(c) applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent\r\ntransactions \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003ewith other parties, thereby\r\nplacing them at a competitive \u003c/span\u003edisadvantage;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.85pt\u0027\u003e(d) making the\r\nconclusion of contracts subject to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eacceptance\r\nby the other parties of supplementary obligations \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ewhich, by their nature or according to commercial\r\nusage, have \u003c/span\u003eno connection with the subject of the contracts.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;\u003cu\u003eNapp\r\nPharmaceutical Holdings Limited 4-4-2001\u003c/u\u003e\u0026quot; \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e\u0027The Office of\r\nFair Trading (OFT) held that Napp had \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eviolated\r\nS.18(2)(b) of the Act of 1998, for the UK authorities \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eNapps\u0027 conduct constituted an abuse as it limited\r\nproduction, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.95pt\u0027\u003emarkets or technical\r\ndevelopment to the prejudice of \u003c/span\u003econsumers\u0026quot;.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e(c) \u003cu\u003eAbuse of\r\ndominant position as per EC Treaty\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eArticle 82 EC Treaty says:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eAny abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant\r\nposition within the common market or in a substantial part of it shall be\r\nprohibited as incompatible with the common market in so far as it may affect\r\ntrade between member shareholders.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eSuch abuse may, in particular, consist in:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) directly or\r\nindirectly imposing unfair purchase or selling \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eprices or other trading conditions;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(b) limiting\r\nproduction, markets or technical development to \u003c/span\u003ethe prejudice of\r\nconsumers;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e(c) applying\r\ndissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.55pt\u0027\u003ewith other parties, thereby placing them at a competitive \u003c/span\u003edisadvantage;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eBritish Airways\r\nv. Commission 120041 CMLR 1008 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Advocate-General\r\nexplained in this case that Article 82 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eof\r\nEC, like the other competition rules of the treaty, is not \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003edesigned only or primarily to protect the\r\nimmediate interests of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eindividual\r\ncompetitors or consumers but to protect the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003estructure of the market and thus competition as such (as an institution)\r\nwhich has already been weakened by the presence \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.5pt\u0027\u003eof the dominant undertaking on the market. In this way, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003econsumers are also indirectly protected. Because\r\nwhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ecompetition as such is damaged,\r\ndisadvantaged to consumers \u003c/span\u003eare also to be feared.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eUnited Brands\r\nv. Commission 119981 ECR 207 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;ECJ held that\r\nthe fact that an undertaking forbids its \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eduly appointed distributors to resell the product in question in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003ecertain circumstances is an abuse since it limits\r\nmarkets to the \u003c/span\u003eprejudice of consumers\u0026quot;.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eB. \u003cu\u003ePROHIBITED\r\nAGREEMENT\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eGlobalization has created worldwide markets for many \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eproducts and services. Competition authorities\r\naround the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eworld are fraught with\r\nserious challenges to control the cartel \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.9pt\u0027\u003elike behaviour particularly secret agreements among \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ecompetitors often referred to as hardcore cartels,\r\ndirected at \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003eprice fixing, customer\r\nallocation and production output \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003erestrictions\r\nare the most egregious violations of competition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.15pt\u0027\u003elaws. Pakistan has recently experienced the worst demand and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003esupply gap as major suppliers acted like cartels\r\nand earned \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eabnormal profits at the\r\ncost and to the detriment of market and \u003c/span\u003econsumers.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eProhibited\r\nagreements from the perspective of Ordinance \u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003eof 2007\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eAgreement:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eChapter I, section\r\n2(b) of Ordinance of 2001 defines \u003c/span\u003eagreements as:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Agreement includes\r\nany arrangements, understanding \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eor\r\npractice, whether or not it is in writing or intended to be \u003c/span\u003elegally\r\nenforceable.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eProhibited Agreements:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eChapter II, section 4 of Ordinance of 2007\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(1) No undertaking\r\nor association of undertakings shall \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eenter\r\ninto any agreement or in the case of an association of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003eundertakings, shall make a decision in respect of\r\nthe \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eproduction, supply, distribution,\r\nacquisition or control of goods \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eor\r\nthe provision of services which have the object or effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003epreventing, restricting or reducing competition\r\nwithin the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003erelevant market unless\r\nexempted under section 5 of this \u003c/span\u003eOrdinance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(2) Such agreements\r\ninclude, but are not limited to:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e(a) fixing the\r\npurchase or selling price or imposing any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eother restrictive trading conditions with regard to the sale or \u003c/span\u003edistribution\r\nof any goods or the provision of any service.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b) Dividing or\r\nsharing of markets for goods or services, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003ewhether by territories, by volume of sale or purchases, by type \u003c/span\u003eof\r\ngoods or services sold or by any other means.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(c) Fixing or setting the quantity of production,\r\ndistribution \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eor sale with regard to any\r\ngoods or the manner or means of \u003c/span\u003eproviding any services.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(d) Limiting\r\ntechnical development or investment with \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eregard to the production, distribution or sale of any goods or \u003c/span\u003ethe\r\nprovision of any service.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(e) Collusive tendering or bidding for sale, purchase\r\nor \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eprocurement of any goods or service.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e(f) Applying\r\ndissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n1.0pt\u0027\u003ewith other trading parties, thereby placing them at a \u003c/span\u003edisadvantage.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003e(g) Making the\r\nconclusion of contracts subject to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eacceptance\r\nby the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or\r\naccording to commercial usage, have \u003c/span\u003eno connection with the subject of\r\nsuch contracts.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(3) Any agreement\r\nentered into in contravention of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eprovision\r\nin subsection (1) shall be void.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission has\r\nrecently started investigations and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003eissued\r\nnotices to Pakistan Bank Association (PBA) and all leading banks to appear\r\nbefore it and show cause why an \u003c/span\u003eenforcement action should not be taken\r\nagainst it. The notices \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003ewere issued in\r\nresponse to an advertisement in the newspapers \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003epublished jointly by all banks which prima facie shows cartel \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003elike behaviour on the part of banks.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eProhibited\r\nagreements as per Act of 1998\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eChapter I,\r\nsection 2 of Act of 1998.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.8pt\u0027\u003e(1) Agreements\r\nbetween undertakings, decisions by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eassociations\r\nof undertakings or concerted practices which may \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.15pt\u0027\u003eaffect trade within the UK and have as their object or affect the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eprevention, restriction or distortion of\r\ncompetition within the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eUK are\r\nprohibited unless they are exempt in accordance with \u003c/span\u003ethe provisions of\r\nthis part.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e(2) Subsection (1)\r\napplies in particulars, to agreements, \u003c/span\u003edecision or practices which\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) directly or\r\nindirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any \u003c/span\u003eother trading\r\nconditions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e(b) Limit or\r\ncontrol production, markets, technical \u003c/span\u003edevelopment or investment.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e(c) Share markets\r\nor sources of supply.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(d) Apply\r\ndissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003ewith other trading parties thereby placing them at a competitive \u003c/span\u003edisadvantage.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(e) Make the conclusion of contracts subject to\r\nacceptance \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eby the other parties of\r\nsupplementary obligations which, by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003etheir\r\nnature or according to commercial usage have no \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003econnection with the subject of such contracts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Hasbro Toys and Games\u0026quot; \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The Director\r\nGeneral of Fair Trading concluded that \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eHasbro\r\nUK Limited, one of the largest toy and games suppliers \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003ein the UK, entered into several price fixing\r\nagreements in \u003c/span\u003eviolation of section 2 Competition Act.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Price fixing of\r\nReplica Football Kit\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The evidence\r\nthat a number of retailers involved \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eadopted\r\nretail prices that were higher than would have been the \u003c/span\u003ecase in the\r\nabsence of agreement.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eStore Cards Reference Case 18/3/2004\u0026quot; \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The OFT\r\nreferred the supply of store card services to \u003c/span\u003ethe \u0027competition\r\ncommission following its conclusion that there \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003eare features of the sector, both in the supply of store care \u003c/span\u003eservices\r\nto retailers, that appear to prevent, restrict or distort competition.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(c) Prohibited\r\nagreements as per EC Treaty\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eAccording to Article 81\r\nof EC Treaty:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(1) The following\r\nshall be prohibited as incompatible with \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003ethe common market: all agreements between undertakings, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003edecision by associations of undertaking and\r\nconcerted practices \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003ewhich may affect\r\ntrade between Member states and which have \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eas their object or affect the prevention, restriction or distortion \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eof competition within the common market and in\r\nparticular \u003c/span\u003ethose which:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) Directly or\r\nindirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any \u003c/span\u003eother trading\r\nconditions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e(b) Limit or\r\ncontrol production, markets, technical \u003c/span\u003edevelopment or investment.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e(c) Share markets\r\nor sources of supply.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(d) Apply\r\ndissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.15pt\u0027\u003ewith other trading parties thereby placing them at a competitive \u003c/span\u003edisadvantage.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(e) Make the conclusion of contracts subject to\r\n\u0027acceptance \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eby the other parties of\r\nsupplementary obligations which, by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003etheir\r\nnature or according to commercial usage have no \u003c/span\u003econnection with the\r\nsubject of such contracts.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(2) Any agreements\r\nor decision prohibited pursuant to this \u003c/span\u003earticle shall be automatically\r\nvoid.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026quot;ICI v. Commission\r\n[1972] ECR 619 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Parallel\r\nbehaviour may be evidence of a concerted \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003epractice especially if the parallel conduct is such as to enable \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003ethose concerned to attempt to stabilize prices a\r\nlevel different \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.85pt\u0027\u003efrom that to which\r\ncompetition would have led and to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003econsolidate\r\npositions to the detriment of effective freedom of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003emovement of products in the common market and of\r\nthe \u003c/span\u003efreedom of consumers to choose their suppliers.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;\u003cu\u003eMicrosoft, Commission decision 24/4/2004\u003c/u\u003e\u0026quot; \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;The\r\nCommission believed that Microsoft\u0027s refusal to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.35pt\u0027\u003esupply had the consequence of \u0026quot;stifling innovation\u0026quot; in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eimpacted market and of \u0026quot;diminishing consumers\r\nchoices\u0026quot; by \u003c/span\u003elocking them into a homogenous Microsoft solution.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eC. \u003cu\u003eINDIVIDUAL AND BLOCK EXEMPTION \u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003eMaintaining the\r\neffective competitive environment in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.5pt\u0027\u003erelevant markets on one hand and to promote growth by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eencouraging the innovations and efficiencies to\r\ntake benefit of economies of scale and economies of scope on the other hand is \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003ethe task of competition authorities around the\r\nworld. A balance \u003c/span\u003eneeds to be maintained and the burdensome regulations\r\nshould \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ebe withdrawn as the markets become\r\neffectively competitive. Exemptions clauses have been introduced in the\r\ncompetition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003elaws of Pakistan. UK and\r\nEU to give exemptions to those \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eagreements\r\nwhich otherwise fall in the prohibited agreements \u003c/span\u003eon the ground that\r\ntheir benefits outweigh their disadvantages.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eIndividual and block exemptions under the\r\nOrdinance of 2007\u003c/u\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eSection 5 and\r\nsection 7 of Ordinance of 2007 authorize \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003ethe Commission to grant individual and block exemptions to p\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003earticular agreement or particular category of\r\nagreements from \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003esection 4\r\nprohibitions if a request for an individual or block \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eexemption has been made to it by a party to a\r\nparticular \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003eagreement or particular\r\ncategory of agreements. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.8pt\u0027\u003eCommission\r\nmay impose such conditions as it thinks \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003eappropriate which granting exemption.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.3pt\u0027\u003eCriteria for Individual and Block Exemptions \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.25pt\u0027\u003eSection 9 of the Ordinance of 2007 says that:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003e(1) The Commission\r\nmay grant individual or block \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eexemption\r\nin respect of an agreement which substantially \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.3pt\u0027\u003econtributes to:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(i) improving\r\nproduction or distribution;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.4pt\u0027\u003e(ii) promoting\r\ntechnical or economic progress while allowing \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.25pt\u0027\u003econsumers a fair share of the resulting benefit.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(iii) the benefit\r\nof that clearly outweigh the adverse effects of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eabsence or lessening of competition.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eAs the Commission\r\nhas just been established so it \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ewould\r\nbe interesting to see how it acts under these provisions \u003c/span\u003eand grants\r\nexemptions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eIndividual\r\nand Block Exemptions as per Act of 1998\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003eSection 4 and\r\nsection 6 of Competition Act, 1998 \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eauthorize\r\ndirector to grant exemptions to a particular \u003c/span\u003eagreement or category of\r\nagreements falling in the prohibition clause (Chapter 1 Prohibition)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eCriteria for individual and block exemptions \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eSection 9 of\r\nCompetition Act, 1998 provides that \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eindividual\r\nand block exemptions can be granted to any \u003c/span\u003eagreement which:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) contributes\r\nto:--\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(i) improving\r\nproduction or distribution; and\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e(ii) promoting\r\ntechnical or economic progress while allowing \u003c/span\u003econsumers a fair share of\r\nthe resulting benefit but\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e(b) does not:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e(i) impose on the\r\nundertakings concerned restrictions \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003ewhich\r\nare not indispensable to \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003ethe attainment of\r\nthose \u003c/span\u003eobjectives.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e(ii) afford the\r\nundertaking concerned the possibility of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003eeliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of \u003c/span\u003eproducts\r\nin question.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(c) \u003cu\u003eIndividual\r\nand Block Exemptions as per EC Treaty\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eArticle 81(3) of EC Treating provides that any\r\nagreement \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eor category of agreements between\r\nundertakings, any decision \u003c/span\u003eor category of decisions by association of\r\nundertakings or any \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003econcerted practice or\r\ncategory of concerted practices which \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:1.15pt\u0027\u003eare\r\notherwise declared void by Article 81(1) can be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.8pt\u0027\u003egranted exemption if they contribute to improving the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:1.05pt\u0027\u003eproduction or distribution of goods or to\r\npromoting \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003etechnical or economic\r\nprogress while allowing consumers a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003efair\r\nshare of resulting benefit and which does not impose \u003c/span\u003eon the undertakings\r\nconcerned restrictions which are not \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eindispensable\r\nto the attainment of these objectives and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.4pt\u0027\u003ewhich does not afford such undertakings the possibility of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eeliminating competition in respect of a\r\nsubstantial part of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eproducts in\r\nquestion.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.3pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Costen and Grundig v. the Commission [1966] ECR 299\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;ECJ held\r\nthat particular benefits generated by the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.8pt\u0027\u003eagreement (i.e. those resulting from improvements in \u003c/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003epro\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eduction/distribution)\r\nmust outweigh its detrimental effects \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ein\r\norder for Article 81(3) to apply.\u0026quot;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;\u003cu\u003eVichy OJ [1991] L 75/57 \u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eIn this case,\r\n\u0026quot;the Commission has refused to grant an \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eexemption on grounds that the agreement in question has not \u003c/span\u003eallowed\r\nconsumers a fair share of its resultant benefits.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.2pt\u0027\u003eRe VBBB and VBVB Agreement 119841 2 CMLR 344 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Commission\r\nheld that resale price maintenance (RPM) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003ein the books market did not provide consumers with a fair \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eshare of its alleged benefits and thus as a result\r\nof RPM, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003econsumers would in fact be\r\ndeprived of improved choice and \u003c/span\u003elower prices.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:14.75pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eD. MERGERS \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe company\u0027s\r\nmerger, concentrations or acquisitions can create or strengthen a dominant\r\nposition which may give \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003erise to abuse\r\nof dominant position. Merger situation applies to \u003c/span\u003ecompanies and\r\nundertakings in all economic sectors. Pakistan \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003ehas recently witnessed mergers in the financial sector where \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003etwo local commercial banks have been acquired by\r\nforeign \u003c/span\u003ebanks.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eMergers as\r\nper Ordinance of 2007 \u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eChapter II,\r\nsection 11 of the Ordinance of 2007 provides \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.9pt\u0027\u003ethat no undertaking shall enter into a merger which substantially lessens\r\nthe competition by creating or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003estrengthening\r\nthe dominant position in the market and imposes \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003eobligations on undertakings to submit pre-merger applications \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eto the commission and the Commission will\r\ndetermine whether \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003ethe proposed\r\nmerger meets the threshold conditions provided in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.85pt\u0027\u003eCompetition (Merger Control) Regulations, 2007\r\n(the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u0026quot;Regulations of 2007\u0026quot;)\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eMergers \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eAccording to\r\nRegulation 3 of the Regulations of 2007, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003emerger shall be deemed to have occurred if:-\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003e(a) two or more\r\nundertakings, previously independent of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eone another, merge into a new undertaking and cease to exist \u003c/span\u003eas\r\nseparate legal entities;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(b) one\r\nundertaking is absorbed by another with the latter \u003c/span\u003eretaining its legal\r\nentity and former ceasing to exist;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e(c) one or more\r\npersons or other undertakings who or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ewhich\r\ncontrol one or more undertakings or acquire direct or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eindirect control of the whole or part of one or\r\nmore other \u003c/span\u003eundertakings;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(d) one ore more\r\npersons or other undertakings acquire \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003edirect\r\nor indirect control of the whole or part of one or more \u003c/span\u003eother\r\nundertakings;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(e) the result of an acquisition by one undertaking\r\nof the \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eassets (including goodwill) or a\r\nsubstantial part of the assets, of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eanother\r\nundertaking is to place the first undertaking in a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003eposition to replace or substantially replace the\r\nsecond \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003eundertaking in the business or\r\nas appropriate, the part \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003econcerned of\r\nthe business in which that undertaking was \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eengaged immediately before the acquisition;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(f) a collaborative arrangement by which two or more \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.55pt\u0027\u003eundertaking devote their resources to pursue a\r\ncommon \u003c/span\u003eobjective provided that such arrangements must be;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e(i) subject to\r\njoint control;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(ii) performs the\r\nfunctions of an autonomous entity;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:1.0pt\u0027\u003e(iii) on a lasting\r\nbasis.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:1.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eFactors for\r\ndetermination of substantial lessening of \u003c/span\u003ecompetition \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eAccording to Regulations 6 of the Regulations of\r\n2007:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.95pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission\r\nwhile determining the merger \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eapplication\r\nwill assess the strength of competition in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003erelevant market and will take into account any factor that is \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003erelevant to competition in that market, including\r\nbut not limited \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eto following:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(a) the actual and\r\npotential level of import competition in \u003c/span\u003ethe market;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e(b) the ease of\r\nentry into the market including tariff and \u003c/span\u003eregulatory barriers;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e(c) the level and\r\ntrends of concentration and history of \u003c/span\u003ecollusion in the market;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e(d) the degree of\r\ncountervailing power in the market;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e(e) the dynamic\r\ncharacteristics of the market including \u003c/span\u003egrowth, innovation and product\r\ndifferentiation;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(f) the nature and\r\nextent of vertical integration in the \u003c/span\u003emarket;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e(g) whether the\r\nbusiness or part of the business of a merger \u003c/span\u003eparty or merger has failed\r\nor is likely to fail;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(h) whether the\r\nmerger situation will result in the removal \u003c/span\u003eof an effective competitor:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eProvided that an\r\nundertaking having gross value of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eassets\r\nexcluding value of goodwill less than 300 million or combined value of\r\nundertakings is less than one billion or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.15pt\u0027\u003eannual turnover of undertaking in the preceding year is less \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003ethan five hundred million or combined value is\r\nless than one \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ebillion do not need to\r\nmake application for clearance to the \u003c/span\u003ecommission before merger.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eMergers/Concentrations\r\nas per UK Competition Act, \u003c/u\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e1998\r\nand EC Treaty\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eEC Merger\r\nRegulations issued to give effect to the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003eprovisions of treaty and to control the concentration in the EU \u003c/span\u003efor\r\ncreating affective competitive environment. UK equivalent to \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.9pt\u0027\u003eEC Merger Regulations is the Schedule 1 annexed to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eCompetition Act, 1998 which has incorporated most\r\nof EC \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eMerger Regulations.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eDefinition of Concentration \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;\r\ntext-autospace:none\u0027\u003eArticle 3 of EC Merger Regulations defines\r\n\u0026quot;Concentration\u0026quot; as:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003e(1) A Concentration\r\nshall be deemed to arise where a \u003c/span\u003echange of control on a lasting basis\r\nresults from:\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(a) the merger of two or more previously independent \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eundertakings or parts of undertakings;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003e(b) the\r\nacquisition by one or more persons already \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.7pt\u0027\u003econtrolling at least one undertaking or by one or more \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eundertakings whether by purchase of securities or\r\nassets, by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003econtract or indirect\r\ncontrol of the whole or parts of one or more \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eother undertakings.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(2) Control shall\r\nbe constituted by rights, contracts or any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003eother means which either separately or in combination and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003ehaving regard to the considerations of fact or law\r\ninvolved, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003econferred the possibility of\r\nexercising decisive influence on a \u003c/span\u003eundertaking in particular by:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e(a) ownership or\r\nthe rights to use all or part of the assets of \u003c/span\u003ean undertaking.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(b) Rights or\r\ncontracts which confer decisive influence on \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.55pt\u0027\u003ethe composition, voting or decisions of the organs of an \u003c/span\u003eundertaking.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(3) Control is\r\nacquired by persons or undertakings which:--\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) are holders of\r\nthe right or entitled to rights under the \u003c/span\u003econtracts concerned.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003e(a) While not\r\nbeing holders of such rights or entitled to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.25pt\u0027\u003erights under such contracts have the power to exercise the \u003c/span\u003erights\r\nderiving therefrom.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003e(4) The creation of\r\njoint venture performing on a lasting \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ebasis\r\nall the functions of an autonomous economic entity shall \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003econstitute a concentration within the meaning of\r\nparagraph 1(b).\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e(5) A concentration\r\nshall not be deemed to arise where \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003esecurities\r\nhave been held by a financial, credit or insurance \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ecompany on temporary basis for reselling them or\r\nwhere control \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003ehas been acquired as a\r\nresult of liquidation, winding up or \u003c/span\u003eanalogous proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eConcentrations with\r\ncommunity dimension shall be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003enotified\r\nto the commission prior to their implementation and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003ecommission has the power to grant, suspend and\r\nimpose \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003epenalties in case of\r\ncontravention of any provisions of this \u003c/span\u003eRegulation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eContinental Can (1973) \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003e\u0027The court ruled\r\nthat there is an abuse of a dominant \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eposition\r\nwhen a company already holding such a position \u003c/span\u003estrengthens it by\r\nacquiring a competitor.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;mso-pagination:\r\nnone;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eBAT Philip Morris (1987) \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.6pt\u0027\u003e\u0027The court\r\nacknowledged that in the absence of a dominant position, an acquisition of this\r\nkind could be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003epenalized as forming an\r\nanti-competitive agreement under \u003c/span\u003eArticle 81 of EC Treaty.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eE. \u003cu\u003eDECEPTIVE\r\nMARKET PRACTICES \u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eSmooth functioning\r\nand growth of markets depends to a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003egreater\r\nextent on the confidence of investors and consumers in the relevant markets.\r\nMarket players who are in a position to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003emanipulate could engage\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-spacerun:yes\u0027\u003e  \u003c/span\u003ein\r\nanti-competitive and deceptive \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003emarket\r\npractices which work to the detriment of transparent \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003emarkets and consumers interests so proper\r\nregulatory \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eframework is necessary to\r\nstreamline and control such \u003c/span\u003epractices.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eOrdinance of\r\n2007\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eSection 10 of the\r\nOrdinance of 2007 provides that no \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eundertaking\r\nshall enter into deceptive market practices and the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003edeceptive marketing practices shall be deemed to\r\nhave resorted \u003c/span\u003eto or continued if an undertaking resorts to:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e(a) the\r\ndistribution of false or misleading information that is \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.85pt\u0027\u003ecapable of harming the business interests of\r\nanother \u003c/span\u003eundertaking.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003e(b) Distribution of\r\nfalse or misleading information to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003econsumers,\r\nincluding the distribution of information lacking a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003ereasonable basis related to price, character,\r\nmethod or \u003c/span\u003eplace of production, properties, suitability for use or\r\nquality of goods.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(c) False or\r\nmisleading comparison of goods in the process \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eof advertising.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(d) Fraudulent use\r\nof another\u0027s trademark, firm name or \u003c/span\u003eproduct labelling or packaging.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eUK\r\nCompetition Act, 1998 and EC Treaty\u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eNo such specific\r\ncorresponding provisions regarding \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003edeceptive\r\ntrading practices exist in Competition Act, 1998 and \u003c/span\u003eEC Treaty.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eP. \u003cu\u003eCOMPETITION\r\nAUTHORITIES\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.7pt\u0027\u003eCompetition\r\nauthorities have a tough job in this globalized world at a time when the world\r\nmarkets are \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.35pt\u0027\u003econverging and the\r\nfinancial institutions are evolving into \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003ecomplex groups in the form of conglomerates. To monitor the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003erelevant markets and to foster the competitive\r\nenvironment, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ecompetition authorities\r\naround the world have been given the \u003c/span\u003ewide powers.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003e(a) \u003cu\u003eCompetition\r\nCommission of Pakistan sections 12-27 \u003c/u\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eCompetition Commission has been established by virtue\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eof section 12 of the Ordinance of, 2007 and\r\nis a body corporate \u003c/span\u003ewith perpetual succession and common seal. The\r\nCommission \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eshall consist of not less than\r\nfive and not more than seven \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.75pt\u0027\u003emembers\r\nand a competition commission fund shall be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eestablished which shall be utilized by the commission to meet \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:1.3pt\u0027\u003echarges in connection with the functioning of the \u003c/span\u003eCommission.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e(1) \u003cu\u003eFunctions\r\nand powers of the Commission (sections 28-40)\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eAs per section 28\r\nof the Ordinance of 2007, the powers \u003c/span\u003eand functions of Commission shall\r\nbe:--\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.85pt\u0027\u003e(a) to initiate\r\nproceedings in accordance with the \u003c/span\u003eprocedures of this Ordinance and make\r\norders in cases of \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003econtravention of the\r\n\u0027provisions of the Ordinance.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b) to conduct\r\nstudies for promoting competition in all \u003c/span\u003esectors of commercial economic\r\nactivity.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e(c) To conduct\r\nenquiries into the affairs of any undertaking \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003eas may be necessary for the purposes of this Ordinance.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003e(d) To give\r\nadvice to undertakings asking for the same as to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003ewhether any action proposed to be taken by such undertakings \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eis consistent with the provisions of this\r\nOrdinance, rules or \u003c/span\u003eorders made thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e(e) To take all\r\nother actions as may be necessary for the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.05pt\u0027\u003ecarrying out the purposes of this Ordinance.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission may\r\nsubject to such conditions as it \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ethinks\r\nfit to impose, delegate all or any of its functions and \u003c/span\u003epower to any of\r\nits members or officers as it deems fit.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003ePowers to issue interim order \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eWhere the\r\nCommission is of the opinion that the issue of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003ea final order in proceedings is likely to take time and serious or\r\nirreparable loss can occur, it can issue interim orders in public \u003c/span\u003einterest.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003ePower of\r\nCommission in relation to proceedings or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n-.1pt\u0027\u003eenquiry Section 33 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission\r\nshall for the purposes of proceedings or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.1pt\u0027\u003eenquiry under the Ordinance of 2007 have the same powers as \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eare vested in the civil court under Code of Civil\r\nProcedure, \u003c/span\u003e1908.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003ePower to enter\r\nand search premises section 34\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission\r\nshall have the power to authorize any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003eofficer\r\nto enter and search any premises for the purpose of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eenforcing any provision of the Ordinance of 2007.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eForcible Entry Section 35 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eIf an undertaking\r\nrefuses without reasonable cause to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eallow\r\nthe commission to exercise the power to enter and search \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003epremises, an investigating officer of the\r\nCommission may by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003ewritten order signed\r\nby any two members enter by force any \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eplace\r\nor building if necessary.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003ePenalty section\r\n38 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission\r\nmay by order direct any undertaking or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.45pt\u0027\u003eany\r\ndirector, officer or employee of undertaking to pay by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003epenalty such sums as may be specified in the order\r\nif after \u003c/span\u003egiving the undertaking concerned an opportunity of being heard\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eit determines that such undertaking has been found\r\nengaged in \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.2pt\u0027\u003eany activity prohibited under the\r\nOrdinance of 2007 or failed to \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ecomply\r\nwith an order of commission.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eLeniency section 39 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.5pt\u0027\u003eThe Commission may\r\nimpose lesser penalty on an \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003eundertaking\r\nwhich is party to prohibited agreements or is \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003ealleged to have violated Chapter II Prohibitions if it makes full \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eand true disclosure in respect of alleged\r\nviolation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ePower to make\r\nrules and regulations sections 55 and 56 \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eThe Commission may with the approval of Federal \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt\u0027\u003eGovernment by notification in the Official Gazette\r\nmake such \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.25pt\u0027\u003erules and regulations as\r\nare necessary for carrying out the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003epurposes\r\nof the Ordinance of 2007.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cu\u003eAppeals \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.65pt\u0027\u003eAn appeal shall\r\nlie to the Appellate Bench of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eCommission\r\nin respect of an order made by any member or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.05pt\u0027\u003eauthorized officer of the Commission and any person aggrieved \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.8pt\u0027\u003eby an order of the Commission comprising two or\r\nmore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.4pt\u0027\u003emembers or of the appellate\r\nbench of the Commission may \u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003ew\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.1pt\u0027\u003eithin sixty days of the communication of the\r\norder, prefer an appeal to the Supreme Court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e(b) \u003cu\u003eUK and EU Competition Authorities\u003c/u\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eThe Competition\r\nCommission along with office of fair \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003etrading\r\nin UK and European Commission in EU exercises, to a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003egreater extent, same powers and performs the same\r\nfunctions \u003c/span\u003eas are conferred on the Competition Commission of Pakistan \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eunder the Ordinance of 2007.One major difference\r\nis that the \u003c/span\u003eCommission can authorize any member to enter any premises\r\neven forcibly without warrant while in UK and EU, authorities \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003eneed warrant before entering the premises in most\r\nof the cases. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.05pt\u0027\u003eSecondly, Ordinance,\r\n2007 imposes penalties on members also \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eif\r\nthey act mala fide while no such specific corresponding \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003epenalty clause exists in UK and EU competition\r\nlaws.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eG. \u003cu\u003eConclusion\u003c/u\u003e \u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003eThe Ordinance, 2007 is a well-drafted law and is\r\nbased \u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eupon the principles developed by\r\ncompetition regimes of UK \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.15pt\u0027\u003eand EU.\r\nStill, much of the success of Ordinance, 2007 depends \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.3pt\u0027\u003eupon how the Commission interprets and implements\r\nthe \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.05pt\u0027\u003eprovisions of this Ordinance.\r\nThe Commission has a crucial role to play in this regard as it has to develop\r\nprecise and clear-cut \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:-.25pt\u0027\u003erules to\r\nachieve the objectives of Ordinance, 2007, for instance, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.15pt\u0027\u003eRelevant Market Doctrine is yet to he clearly\r\ndefined by the \u003c/span\u003eCommission.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"