"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 9\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 9\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"./2006J991_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eCONTOURS OF A JUDGMENT\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eJamrabi\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003esaif\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e2\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e4\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2006-08-01T08:52:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2006-08-01T08:52:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e3\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e1014\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e5782\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eOratier Technologies (Pvt) Ltd\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e48\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e11\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e7100\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e9.2720\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:PunctuationKerning/\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\np.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003cscript src=\"../../../nc.js\" type=\"text/javascript\" \u003e\u003c/script\u003e\r\n  \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONTOURS \u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\u0027\u003eOF \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eA\r\nJUDGMENT\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\u0027\u003eSyed Nasir\r\nAli Shah,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\u0027\u003eDistrict\r\nand Sessions Judge/Special\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\u0027\u003eJudge\r\nCustoms, Lahore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.1pt;\r\nmso-bidi-font-style:italic\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eA judgment is a concise statement\r\nof the case, the points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons\r\nfor such decision. It signifies the culmination of judicial proceedings before\r\na Court of competent jurisdiction. A judicial officer is known by the quality\r\nand standard of his judgment. A judgment is a barometer to gauge the integrity,\r\ncompetence, legal acumen, command over language and comprehension of judicial\r\nofficer. Judgment has been defined in S.2(2)(9), C.P.C. to mean the statement\r\ngiven by the Judge of grounds of decree or order. According to the scheme of\r\nS.33, C.P.C. hearing of parties or their counsel is sine qua non before pronouncement\r\nof judgment. Order XX, C.P.C. deals with judgment. According to it on\r\ncompletion of evidence a date for final arguments shall be fixed which shall\r\nnot exceed fifteen days. And the period between arguments and judgment shall\r\nnot be more than thirty days. In civil matter Court is required to give finding\r\non each issue. Judgment has to be pronounced and signed in open Court. It\r\ncannot be altered or modified except under section 152, to rectify clerical\r\nerrors or on review. Appellate judgments are to be delivered in almost similar\r\nmanners except that finding on each issue is not required to be recorded. Every\r\njudgment in civil matters shall specify as to who will bear the costs. Normally\r\ncosts follow the events. But in peculiar circumstances of case this rule can be\r\ndispensed with. Similarly where claim or defence of a party is false and\r\nvexatious special costs under section 35-A, C.P.C. can be awarded the maximum\r\nlimit of which is Rs.25,000. Provisions of section 366, Cr.P.C. and Rule 2,\r\nVolume I, Chapter 11-A of the High Court Rules and Order which too deal with\r\njudgment are almost para materia with these Provisions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e2. Special care should be taken\r\nin delivering judgments in certain category of cases. In suits for specific\r\nperformance of contract a direction has to be given to the plaintiff to deposit\r\nsale consideration by appointed date failing which suit shall stand dismissed\r\nwith costs. Similar direction with identical consequences has to be given in\r\nsuits for possession through pre-exemption. In certain cases in the first\r\ninstance suits cannot be finally decided. In suits of partition, administration\r\nsuit, rendition of accounts, dissolution of partnership etc. preliminary\r\ndecrees are ordered to be passed in the judgments. In suit of dissolution of marriage\r\na copy of judgment has to be sent to Chairman Arbitration Council for\r\ncommencing conciliation proceedings. In rent matters direction is to be given\r\nto the tenant to vacate the rented premises within a specified period which\r\ncannot exceed four months.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e3. What needs to be kept in mind\r\nwhile writing judgment is that in civil cases parties to the litigation are\r\nrequired to prove their respective claims. So rule of preponderance of evidence\r\nwould apply. But in criminal matters prosecution is required to prove its case\r\nbeyond reasonable shadows of doubt. Accused being favourite child of law is\r\nentitled to benefit of doubt. Accused can adopt any plea. Accused can even\r\nadopt inconsistent pleas. But where an accused maintains that his case falls\r\nwithin exceptions as contained in Chapter IV of P.P.C. then it is for the\r\naccused to prove that.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e4. In criminal matters if accused\r\nis charged with more than one head then each head of the charge be separately\r\nadverted to in the judgment and, finding returned. It is important to note that\r\nunder section 382-A, Cr.P.C. if the sentence awarded is punishment for a period\r\nless than one year the sentence shall not be executed until the expiry of\r\nperiod prescribed for making an appeal provided accused furnishes bail bonds to\r\nthe satisfaction of the Court. While convicting an accused the period of\r\ndetention already undergone is ordered to be substracted under section 382-B,\r\nCr.P.C. It is also pertinent to note that under section 35, Cr.P.C. where an\r\naccused is convicted of two or more offences the judgment will specify whether\r\nthe sentences will run concurrently. Under section 366, Cr.P.C. presence of\r\naccused at the time of pronouncement of judgment is necessary unless the\r\naccused is to be acquitted or the sentence is one of fine only. Where an\r\naccused is convicted a copy of judgment has to be provided to him under section\r\n371, .Cr.P.C.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e5. Where an accused is convicted\r\nand sentenced to death proceedings are required to be submitted to the High\r\nCourt for confirmation of death sentence under section 374, Cr.P.C.\r\nCompensation under section 544-A, Cr.P.C. is also required to be awarded and\r\nincorporated in the judgment. For such compensation sky is the limit but the\r\ncompensation should not be excessive or unreasonable. Another point needs to be\r\nkept in mind while writing judgment is that under section 367(5), Cr.P.C. where\r\nan offence is punishable with death and the Court awards punishment other than\r\ndeath then the Court has to state reasons as to why sentence of death was not\r\npassed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e6. Almost all offences are\r\npunishable with fine as well. There is no limit to the fine to be imposed but\r\nit should not be excessive. It is mandatory for a Court to specify in the\r\njudgment the imprisonment which the accused will undergo in default of payment\r\nof fine. According to section 65, Cr.P.C. such imprisonment will not exceed one\r\nfourth of the imprisonment which is the maximum fixed for the offence. Such\r\nimprisonment may be rigorous or simple. But where sentence awarded is merely\r\nfine the imprisonment which the accused will undergo in default of payment of\r\nfine will be simple.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e7. In the concluding paragraph of\r\na judgment direction has to be given regarding the disposal of case property by\r\nway of destruction, confiscation or delivery to any person claiming to be\r\nentitled to possession, as mandated under section 517, Cr.P.C.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e8. During arguments case-law is\r\ninvariably cited, referred to and relied upon. The judgments of superior Courts\r\nare binding on the lower Courts. These are of immense significance and\r\nguidance. These judgments should be referred to, relied upon and where\r\nnecessary distinguished in the judgment. It is pertinent to mention that ratio\r\ndecidendi of the judgment of High Court is binding on the lower Courts. Ratio\r\ndecidendi is authoritative element and observation which is foundation of a\r\ndecision. However, obiter dicta that is general observation of the Supreme\r\nCourt is also binding on the lower Courts. It may be kept in mind that there\r\nare two kinds of judgments. These are judgment in personam and judgment in rem.\r\nA judgment in personam is a judgment against a particular person while a\r\njudgment in rem binds the whole world. These denote the end products of action\r\nin rein and in personam. And while deciding cases principle of stare decisis,\r\nthe Courts should stand by precedents and should not disturb them rather should\r\nbe adhered to.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"