"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 9\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 9\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"./1993J7_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eAPPRAISAL OF CRIMINAL LAWS CONCERNING WOMEN\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003co:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Author\u003eSyed Aleem Muzaffar\u003c/o:Author\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Template\u003eNormal\u003c/o:Template\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastAuthor\u003eSaif\u003c/o:LastAuthor\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Revision\u003e4\u003c/o:Revision\u003e\r\n  \u003co:TotalTime\u003e0\u003c/o:TotalTime\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Created\u003e2002-04-11T05:45:00Z\u003c/o:Created\u003e\r\n  \u003co:LastSaved\u003e2003-01-03T06:59:00Z\u003c/o:LastSaved\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Pages\u003e1\u003c/o:Pages\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Words\u003e2114\u003c/o:Words\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Characters\u003e12051\u003c/o:Characters\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Company\u003eORATIER\u003c/o:Company\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Lines\u003e100\u003c/o:Lines\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Paragraphs\u003e24\u003c/o:Paragraphs\u003e\r\n  \u003co:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e14799\u003c/o:CharactersWithSpaces\u003e\r\n  \u003co:Version\u003e9.2720\u003c/o:Version\u003e\r\n \u003c/o:DocumentProperties\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\r\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:View\u003eNormal\u003c/w:View\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e2.85 pt\u003c/w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing\u003e\r\n  \u003cw:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e2\u003c/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery\u003e\r\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\r\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n\u003c!--\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\np.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\r\n\t{mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmargin:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\nh1\r\n\t{mso-style-next:Normal;\r\n\tmargin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.95in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tpage-break-after:avoid;\r\n\tmso-outline-level:1;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-font-kerning:0pt;\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}\r\np.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2\r\n\t{margin-top:0in;\r\n\tmargin-right:1.95in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:0in;\r\n\tmargin-left:0in;\r\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\ttext-align:center;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\r\n\tfont-weight:bold;\r\n\tmso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}\r\n@page Section1\r\n\t{size:6.35in 841.7pt;\r\n\tmargin:.75in 0in 2.9pt .35in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ch1 style=\u0027margin-right:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB\u003eAPPRAISAL OF CRIMINAL LAWS\r\nCONCERNING WOMEN\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eMs. Yasmin Saigol,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eAdvocate, Lahore\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003eINTRODUCTION:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eThe law, be it Constitutional, Civil or Criminal, recognizes women as\r\nspecial subject and provides safeguards and exemptions for the protection and\r\npromotion of the interests of women. The statute seldom deprives women of their\r\nrights but women are, nevertheless, victims of exploitation at the hands of a\r\nmale dominated society. In recognition of this reality, special laws have been\r\nframed for the protection of women, which inculde the following laws:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoBodyText2 style=\u0027margin-right:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB\u003eIN THE PAKISTAN\r\nPENAL CODE, 1860, WHICH DEFINES ALL THE OFFENCES AND IS THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF\r\nPAKISTAN:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eCausing\r\nthe miscarriage of a woman with child, i.e. a pregnant woman, without her\r\nconsent is an offence punishable with life imprisonment which may extend to 10\r\nyears.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eAny\r\nact done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause it to die\r\nafter birth is an offence punishable with imprisonment of 10 years.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eAn\r\nassault on or use of criminal force to a woman with intention to outrage her\r\nmodesty is punishable with imprisonment for two years.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eA\r\nsimilar assault when any woman is stripped off her clothing and exposed to\r\npublic view is punishable with death or imprisonment for life.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(5)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eKidnapping\r\nand abduction of a woman who is less than 16 years of age, from her lawful\r\nguardianship is punishable with 7 years\u0027 imprisonment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eKidnapping,\r\nabducting or inducing a woman to compel her for marriage or that she may be\r\nforced or seduced to illicit intercourse is an offence which was previously\r\ncontained in the Pakistan Penal Code but now stands repealed by the Zina\r\nOrdinance, 1979, under which it is an offence punishable with imprisonment and\r\nthirty stripes.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(7)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eAnother\r\noffence contained in the P.P.C. and repealed by the Zina Ordinance is selling\r\nor buying a person for the purpose of prostitution, for which the punishment is\r\nlife imprisonment plus thirty stripes.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(8)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eMarrying\r\nagain during the lifetime of a husband or a wife in any case in which a second\r\nmarriage would be void is an offence punishable with imprisonment for seven\r\nyears. This provision is not helpful for Muslim women because under Islam a\r\nsecond marriage for a man is not void.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(9)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eWhoever\r\ncommits the above offence and conceals the fact of his previous marriage from\r\nhis subsequent wife is liable to be punished with imprisonment for 10 years.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(10)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eWhoever\r\ngoes through a marriage ceremony fraudulently without a lawful marriage\r\nactually thereby contracted, is liable to be punished to 7 years\u0027 imprisonment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoBodyText2 style=\u0027margin-right:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB\u003eIN THE CRIMINAL\r\nPROCEDURE CODE, 1898, WHICH LAW LAYS DOWN THE PROCEDURE WHEREBY ALL OFFENCES\r\nUNDER P.P.C, ARE INVESTIGATED, TRIED AND DEALT WITH:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-33.0pt\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e       \u003c/span\u003eA\r\npolice officer, while breaking open any entrance to effect the arrest of a\r\nperson, cannot, if the house is in the occupancy of a woman, enter without\r\ngiving her an opportunity to withdraw before breaking open the apartment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\nsearch of a woman can only be conducted by another woman, with strict regard to\r\ndecency.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eIf\r\na woman sentenced to death is found to be pregnant, the High Court shall order\r\npostponement of the execution of her sentence and may commute her sentence to\r\nlife imprisonment.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eUnder the Criminal\r\nProcedure Code, women cannot be punished with whipping.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(5)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eA\r\nwoman may be released on bail even if reasonable grounds exist for believing\r\nthat she is guilty of an offence punishable with death in non  bailable cases.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eChapter\r\n36 (XXXVI) of the Cr.P.C. dealt with the maintenance of wives and children\r\nwhereby the District Magistrate had the power to order a man to support his\r\nwife and children, both legitimate and illegitimate. This chapter was repealed\r\nin 1981 and matters of maintenance are now dealt with by the Family Courts in a\r\ncivil proceeding. This was an important right vesting in women and children\r\nbecause it was enforced regardless of the personal law and religious belief of\r\nthe parties and recognized illegitimate children as being entitled to be\r\nmaintained by their fathers through the Court\u0027s coercive machinery.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e(7)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eUpon complaint of\r\nunlawful detention of a woman, the District Magistrate has the power to order\r\nher immediate restoration.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoBodyText2 style=\u0027margin-right:0in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan lang=EN-GB\u003eIN THE PUNJAB\r\nJAIL MANUAL WHICH CONTAINS `SHE RULES RELATING TO TALE MANAGEMENT OF JAILS AND\r\nTREATMENT OF PRISONERS:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eAccording\r\nto the rules gowning woman prisoners, women who are either pregnant or nursing\r\na child are entitled to a special diet which includes milk, fresh vegetable and\r\nfruits etc,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eWoman\r\nprisoner are absolutely exemped from the imposition of fetters at all times,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(3)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eThe\r\ntasks allloted to woman prisoner must not exceed two third of the tasks fixed\r\nfor adult male convicts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(4)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eThe,\r\nvisa of every woman pr4onor who 14 to an advanced stage of pregnancy is to be\r\nreported to the Inspector\u0026#8209;General with a view to obtaining suspension and\r\nremission of her sentence.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(5)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eWomen\r\nprisoners are allowed to retain their children with them in jail till they\r\nattain the age of six years.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(6)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eWomen\r\nprisoners, both convicted and under trial, are required to be rigidly excluded\r\nfrom male prisoners so as to prevent their seeing, conversing or holding any\r\ncommunication with men and their enclosure must not be visible from any part of\r\nthe male jail.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(7)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eNo\r\nmale officer of the jail may enter the women\u0027s ward by day unless he is\r\naccompanied by a woman warder and should it be absolutely necessary to enter a\r\nwomen\u0027 ward at night, it shall be in the company of the Deputy Superintendent\r\nand the Head Warder,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(8)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e            \u003c/span\u003eSimilarly\r\naccording to the Police Rules, no woman is to be detained at a police station.\r\nShe must either be immediately sent to judicial custody or released on bail.\r\nExcept in unavoidable circumstances, no woman may be Lodged even for a single\r\nnight in a police station and no application for her remand to police custody\r\nmay be made without special order of a Gazetted Officer.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eWith rules as stringent as these, one wonders why newspapers are replete\r\nwith reports of sexual abuse of women, of women being raped in police custody\r\nand even becoming pregnant in jails. Obviously, there is something terribly\r\nwrong with the implementation and compliance of these rules. Quoting\r\nShakespeare: \u0026quot;Something is rotten in the state of Denmark\u0026quot;.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eThe list of laws providing protection to women is long and much can he\r\nsaid about each one of them. However, on account of constraint of space, I\r\nwould like to confine myself to an analysis of one set of laws about which\r\nthere are many misconceptions, misapprehensions and lack of understanding\r\namongst the general public, specially women. I am referring to the\r\n\u0026quot;Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance\u0026quot; which was\r\npromulgated in 1979,\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eSeveral criminal laws, including the laws relating to rape and adultery\r\nwere repealed in 1979 by the promulgation of the Hudood Ordinance lit an\r\nattempt to Islamise the existing criminal laws of the country. The word\r\n\u0026quot;\u0027HADD\u0026quot; means measure, limit and in law it means a punishment, the\r\nmeasure for which has been prescribed by the Holy Qur\u0027an. Tazir, on the other\r\nhand, is a sentence which is imposed at the discretion of the Court whenever\r\nthe strict evidentiary requirements for the proof of Hadd are not met. Under\r\nIslamic law, Zina is a sin as well as a crime for which the Qur\u0027an prescribes a\r\nspecific punishment, i.e. 100 stripes, and according to dome schools of\r\nthought, stoning to death or `rajim\u0027 for a married person.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eA comparative study of the repealed and the existing penal laws would\r\nreveal that before the promulgation of the Hudood Ordinance, the act of illicit\r\nsexual intercourse was an offence for which a man alone could be punished. The\r\nsections that dealt with the subject previously were the provisions relating to\r\nrape, adultery and buying and selling a person for the purposes of prositution.\r\nNone of these provisions provided for the punishment of women who committed\r\nillicit sexual intercourse. This was understandable in the case of rape, which\r\nwas an offence even if committed by a man with his own wife, with her consent,\r\nif she was less than 14 years of age. However. a woman committing adultery was\r\nnot liable for any offence. Her husband could bring a charge of adultery\r\nagainst the person who commited adultery with his wife, but the adulteress could\r\nnot even be punished as an abettor. Similarly, the repealed laws prescribed\r\npunishment for a person buying or selling another person for the purpose of\r\nprostitution, but the Pakistan Penal Code did not define voluntary prostitution\r\nitself as an offence. It would not be incorrect to infer that under the\r\noriginal laws, as contained in the P.P.C., illicit sexual intercourse by a\r\nwoman was permitted by implication. This was an apparent and a serious lacuna\r\nthat existed in the penal laws of a country such as ours, which we call the\r\nIslamic Republic of Pakistan, because in Islam sexual intercourse between two\r\npersons who are not lawfully married to each other is a major offence, the\r\npunishment for which is prescribed by the Our\u0027an itself. Hence, the need to bring\r\nthe penal laws relating to women in consonance with the Injunctions of Islam.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eThe Hudood Ordinances do not differentiate between the criminal liabilty\r\nof a man and a woman. However, women are at a disadvantage when it comes to\r\nproving a charge of Zina liable to Hadd. The evidence of a woman as a witness\r\nis absolutely excluded in Hudood case. Her evidence is admissible for the\r\nimposition of Tazir as punishment, but Hadd cannot be imposed on the testimony\r\nof the female witness in Hudood cases, that is, in cases of Zina, theft,\r\ndrunkenness and Qazf or false imputation of unchastity. At the same time, it\r\nmust be clearly understood that the evidence of a woman is not exucluded as a\r\ncomplainant, but only as a witness. She has equal rights to lodge a complaint and\r\ninitiate proceedings in a Hudood case, but the evidence she is required to\r\nbring forth in order to establish her claim must be that of four Muslim, male,\r\nadult witnesses under the Zina Ordinance and two male witnesses in other Hudood\r\ncases.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eThe definition of Zina under the new Ordinance is wilful sexual\r\nintercourse between a man and a woman who are not married to each other. The\r\nconcept of consent, which was hitherto a complete answer to a charge of rape\r\nvanished and, in fact, consent itself become an offence, whether committed by a\r\nman or a woman. Under the Hudood Law, the Nikahnama has replaced consent as a\r\ndefence to a charge of Zina.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eWhereas the punishment for Zina is much harsher than, that which was\r\nprescribed for rape, the quantum of proof reuqired to prove a charge of Zina or\r\nZina\u0026#8209;bil\u0026#8209;jabr liable to Hadd, is almost impossible to rind given\r\nthe moral fabric of today\u0027s society. Zina liable to Hadd can only be proved in\r\none of the following forms:\u0026#8209;\u0026#8209;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e(1)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eIf a confession is made before\r\na competent Court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.5in\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(2)\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-tab-count:1\u0027\u003e        \u003c/span\u003eIf\r\nat least four Muslim adult male witnesses who are persons of unimpeachable\r\ncharacter, just and uprighteous, give evidence as eye witnesses of the fact of\r\npenetration.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eA confession which is subsequently retracted, or which is made in less\r\nthan four different sittings is admissble for the imposition of Hadd,\r\nSimilarly, the evidence of four Muslim male witnesses is inadmissble if the\r\ncharacter of any one of them is in any way doubtful, or if one of them resiles\r\nfrom his statement before the execution of the sentence. The result of these\r\nstringent requirements of proof is that to date no conviction of Zina of Zina\u0026#8209;bil\u0026#8209;Jabr\r\nliable to Hadd has been upheld by the Federal Shariat Court. Cases registered\r\nand convictions upheld by the Federal Shariat Court, up to the present day, are\r\nfor Zina or Zina\u0026#8209;bil\u0026#8209;Jabr liable to Tazir in which the testimony of\r\neven a single woman witness is admissible in appropriate circumtances, and for\r\nwhich the maximum punishment for Zina is 10 years while for Zina\u0026#8209;bil\u0026#8209;Jabr\r\nit is up to 25 years.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eWhile the object and dearest interest of the Zina Ordinance is closely\r\nconnected with the chastity of women, the misuse of its application by men has\r\nhad the\u0026#8209;effect of exposing women to the most scandalous, humiliating and\r\nbrutal forms of exploitation. The moment a woman contracts a marriage of her\r\nown choice or enters into A second marriage after a valid divorce, her\r\nreputation is besmirched and her motives questioned as false allegations of\r\nZina are levelled against her by her father, brother or ex\u0026#8209;husband. Since\r\nconsent, as a defence, has been replaced by a valid Nikahnama, there has grown\r\na tendency among parties to rely on forged Nikahnamas. Very often both the\r\ncomplainant and the accused produce registered Nikahnamas as proof or disproof\r\nof the charge, and it is the cumbersome duty of the Courts to ascertain the\r\ntruth or falsehood of a Nikahnama in order to decide a Zina case.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eA possible solution that comes to mind as a measure for discouraging this\r\ntendency of relying on forged Nikhanama is that the moment a Court is satisfied\r\nthat the complainant relies upon a forged Nikahnama, it should suo motu order\r\nthe registration of a criminal case against the complainant and his witnesses\r\nfor producing false evidence. A sizeable number of such convictions should act\r\nas a deterrent against the harassment and false prosecution of innocent women.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eA study of case\u0026#8209;law on the subject clearly shows that the Federal\r\nShariat Court does not generally misinterpret or misapply the Hudood laws.\r\nMaximum benefit of doubt is always given to the accused, be it a man or a\r\nwoman; strict corroboration is demanded for bringing home a charge of Zina and\r\nmaximum weight is attached to the statement of a prosecutrix alleging rape when\r\nshe is a minor. A failure to establish a charge of Zina\u0026#8209;bil\u0026#8209;Jabr is\r\nnot interpreted as a confession of adultery as is commonly believed in some\r\ncircles. The age of the victim and of the accused is of vital importance for\r\nthe purposes of determining the gravity of the offence and the quantum of\r\npunishment and convictions based on an erroneous application of the law are\r\nalways reversed in appeal by the Federal Shariat Court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eThe answer then lies, not in framing fresh laws nor in repealing existing\r\nlaws, but in preventing the violation and misuse of the laws concerning women.\r\nThere is a need to streamline the execution and enforcement of law and to\r\ncreate public awareness of recognizing the dignity of woman as human beings.\r\nThe laws on the books are not necessarily imperfect but they must be respected,\r\nadhered to, inerpreted and applied properly in  their true spirit, before we\r\ncan call ours a just legal system.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003e\u003c![if !supportEmptyParas]\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c![endif]\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"