"\u003chtml xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\r\nxmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\r\nxmlns:st1=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\"\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003chead\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=ProgId content=Word.Document\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Generator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003cmeta name=Originator content=\"Microsoft Word 11\"\u003e\r\n\u003clink rel=File-List href=\"1991J325_files/filelist.xml\"\u003e\r\n\u003ctitle\u003eHARDSHIPS TO LITIGANTS AND MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE CAUSED BY DELAYS IN\r\nCOURTS*\u003c/title\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"place\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\"\r\n name=\"City\"/\u003e\r\n\u003co:SmartTagType 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11.0in;\r\n\tmargin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;\r\n\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\r\n\tmso-paper-source:0;}\r\ndiv.Section1\r\n\t{page:Section1;}\r\n--\u003e\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\r\n\u003cstyle\u003e\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\r\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\r\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\r\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n\tmso-ansi-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-fareast-language:#0400;\r\n\tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}\r\n\u003c/style\u003e\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003cbody lang=EN-US style=\u0027tab-interval:.5in\u0027\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cdiv class=Section1\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb\u003eHARDSHIPS \u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\u0027\u003eTO LITIGANTS \u003cst1:stockticker w:st=\"on\"\u003eAND\u003c/st1:stockticker\u003e\r\nMISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE CAUSED \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eBY \u003c/span\u003eDELAYS\r\nIN COURTS\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027color:red\u0027\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003eBy\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-style:italic\u0027\u003eMr. Justice Ajmal Mian, Judge,\r\nSupreme Court of Pakistan\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cb style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nnormal\u0027\u003e[\u003cst1:date Month=\"7\" Day=\"11\" Year=\"1991\" w:st=\"on\"\u003e11th July, 1991\u003c/st1:date\u003e]\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eMr. Chairman, Members of the\r\nHuman Rights Commission of Pakistan, distinguished delegates, honoured guests,\r\nladies and gentlemen, Asalamo Alaikam!\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027font-size:10.0pt;\r\nmso-bidi-font-size:7.0pt;color:red;letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e* Speech delivered at a\r\nSeminar on 11th July. 1991.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eI consider to be a proud\r\nprivilege to have been invited as the Chief Guest in the plenary session of\r\nthis Seminar. I am really grateful to you all for conferring this unique honour\r\non me.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003eI must congratulate the\r\nsponsors/organisers of this Seminar for selecting the topic, namely,\r\n\u0026quot;Hardships to Litigants and Miscarriage of Justice caused by \u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDelays in Courts\u0026quot;, which is a burning issue\r\nnow-a-days all over the world where \u003c/span\u003ejudicial systems are founded on\r\nadversary system. I am sure that the deliberations\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e during this Seminar will result in formulation of some constructive and\r\nconcrete proposals, which may be helpful in eliminating/reducing delays in\r\nCourts.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e2.\r\nI may observe that the delay in Courts is not a new phenomena but it is an\r\ninherited evil that must be viewed against a history reaching back into the\r\nlast century and even before. This chronic disease is not confined to the\r\nunder-developed countries like \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nbut has been encountered by the most advanced developed countries. Lord Denning\r\nin his book \u0026quot;The Due Process of \u003c/span\u003eLaw\u0026quot; has pointed out that\r\nShakespeare in his monumental work \u0026quot;Hamlet\u0026quot; (Act \u003cst1:stockticker\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003eIII\u003c/st1:stockticker\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e SC 1) ranks\r\ndelays in Courts among the whips and scorns of time and Dickens in Chapter I of\r\nhis book \u0026quot;Bleak House\u0026quot; tells how delay exhausts, finances, patience,\r\ncourage and hope.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThere\r\ncannot be two opinions that delays in Courts cause hardship to the \u003c/span\u003elitigant\r\npublic and result in miscarriage of justice. It brings our judicial system and\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e Courts into disrepute and generates feeling that\r\njustice may in the final analysis, \u003c/span\u003ebe denied, because by lapse of time\r\nevidence may deteriorate, memories may fail,\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\r\nwitnesses may vanish or die, thus resulting the case into dismissal or forcing\r\nthe parties to enter into unfair settlements. Delays in disposal of\r\nguardianship and matrimonial cases cause irretrieveable hardship and miseries.\r\nSmall children are shuttled from one Court to another Court and their custody\r\nis handed from the one parent to the other in the long drawn litigation and in\r\nthat process they do not fully develop and acquire confidence. In a case for\r\ndissolution of marriage, unfortunate young woman has to wait for relief for\r\nsuch a long period that her hair turn grey and by the time the litigation is\r\nfinally terminated, she passes marriageable age.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eDelays\r\nin disposal of criminal cases no doubt seriously prejudice the accused persons\r\nwho are to be eventually acquitted upon culmination of the legal proceedings finally.\r\nI may point out there was a news item in the English daily newspaper\r\n\u0026quot;DAWN\u0026quot; of Karachi dated 29-6-1991 under the caption \u0026quot;Family Gets\r\nDelayed Justice in I.R.A. Case\u0026quot;. The Reporter, while narrating the facts,\r\nremarked that \u0026quot;The British legal system received another jolt on Wednesday\r\nwhen the Court of Appeal in \u003cst1:City w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eLondon\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:City\u003e\r\n\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003equashed \u003c/span\u003ethe sentences passed 16\r\nyears ago against members of the McGuire family who were charged with running a\r\nbomb factory on behalf of the Irish Republican Army (I.R.A.)\u0026quot;. It cannot\r\nbe denied that the accused in the above case, if they were factually innocent,\r\nhad suffered for a long period of 16 years in prison. The above suffering\r\ncannot be retrieved either by monetary compensation or by any other process.\r\nHowever, I may point out that, particularly, in the under-developed countries\r\nlike \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e,\r\nthe delays in Courts in criminal cases at the trial stage are in fact more\r\nbeneficial to the accused persons as a class and detrimental to the\r\npublic-at-large. With the passage of time, the witnesses either die or\r\ndisappear or lose interest or are won \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eover\r\nand, \u003c/span\u003etherefore, it becomes impossible even for an honest and efficient prosecution\r\nto secure conviction even in broad daylight murder cases. As a consequence\r\nthereof, the percentage of conviction in criminal cases throughout \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e has\r\ncome down to the extent of negligible percentage. I may point out that the\r\naddition of the third proviso to subsection (1) of section 497, Cr.P.C.\r\nproviding bail upon the expiry of statutory period of one year in case of an\r\noffence not punishable with death and two years in case of offence punishable\r\nwith death, has generated the tendency on the part of the defence to cause\r\ndelay in disposal of dark cases by menoeuvring in order to press into service\r\nthe above proviso for claiming bail upon the expiry of above statutory period.\r\nThough by adding proviso 4 to above subsection (1) of section 497, Cr.P.C. by\r\nthe Code of Criminal Procedure (Second Amendment) Ordinance XXXII of 1983\r\nproviding that the third proviso to the above subsection shall not apply to a\r\npreviously convicted offender or to a person who in the opinion of the Court is\r\na hardened, desperate or dangerous criminal, the adverse effect of the above\r\nthird proviso to above subsection (1) of section 497, Cr.P.C. has been reduced\r\nto some extent but still it is operating to the detriment of the society. The\r\naccused persons charged with serious offences, which carry death sentence come\r\nout from the prison upon the expiry of the above period of two years. They commit\r\nmore offences without any hesitation. The life of a common man for want of\r\nproper law and order has become miserable. The failure of the normal Courts to\r\ndeal with the cases involving serious criminal offences effectively and\r\nexpeditiously resulted in establishment of Special Courts to deal with the\r\ncases involving serious offences which is an adverse reflection on the judicial\r\nsystem of the country.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e3.\r\nIn \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e\r\nthe question of delays in Courts was seriously addressed to by the then\r\nGovernment in power, first in 1958 and then in 1967 in the form of constituting\r\nof Justice S.A. Rahman and Justice Hamoodur Rahman Law Commissions,\r\nrespectively.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eIt\r\nmay be pertinent to observe that Hamoodur Rahman Commission in its report has\r\npointed out that the Laws\u0027 delays have been and continue to be a matter of deep\r\nconcern even in highly developed countries like Scandanavian countries, the\r\nUnited Kingdom, the United States, Japan and other Common-wealth countries and\r\nhave been receiving constant attention of the authorities in those countries.\r\nIt was highlighted that in the year 1964 there were as many as 3,39,050 civil\r\ncases awaiting disposal by the Courts in Japan as compared to number of cases\r\nthen pending in the High Courts and the Supreme Court of \u003c/span\u003ePakistan, namely,\r\n22,258 and 3,878 respectively. It has also been pointed out that\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e in India in 1923 a Civil Justice Committee headed\r\nby Sir George Clus Rankin, \u003c/span\u003eone of the most eminent Judges, was set up,\r\nwhich listed the reasons of the delays\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e in\r\ndisposal of the civil cases.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eHamoodur\r\nRahman Commission, while reiterating the recommendations of the aforesaid Civil\r\nJustice Committee of 1923, came to the conclusion that \u003c/span\u003eunnecessary\r\ndelays take place at every stage of litigation due to causes which may\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e be classified in two broad categories, namely,\r\ndelays inherent in the Courts system itself, and delays which may be described\r\nas Lawyers\u0027 caused delays. The Commission was of the view that the former\r\ndelays were attributable to the dilatoriness of the procedure itself, the shortage\r\nof judges and Courts to deal with the growing volume of litigation and the lack\r\nof attention given by the Presiding Officers of the Courts to the relevant\r\nprovisions of the procedure like Orders XI, XII and XIII, C.P.C. designed and\r\nintended for completing the preliminary stages necessary for making a case\r\nready for hearing, whereas the latter delays were attributable to the\r\nunreadiness of lawyers to proceed with the case largely because too few lawyers\r\nhad too many briefs to deal with.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eI\r\nmay observe that some of the recommendations of Hamoodur Rahman Commission were\r\nimplemented by promulgating the Law Reform Ordinance, 1972, which made inter\r\nalia a number of amendments in the Codes of Civil Procedure and Criminal\r\nProcedure. However, in spite of the above implementation, the desired result of\r\neliminating/reducing the delays in Courts has not been achieved, on the\r\ncontrary since then the situation has worsened. It \u003c/span\u003ewill be a very\r\nconstructive study if this Seminar examines the reasons of the above\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e failure and also the question as to how the\r\nbacklog of the aforesaid 3,39,050 Civil Cases in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eJapan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e pending in the year 1964 was\r\ncleared.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e4.\r\nIn my humble view, the causes of delays in Courts are not only relatable to\r\njudiciary and lawyers as is generally believed by the public-at-large but the\r\nLegislature, the Executive and the litigant public also contribute\r\nsubstantially towards it.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;\r\nmso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(a) In \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ethe late nineteenth and early twentieth Centuries,\r\nthe enactments used to be drafted by eminent draftsmen after full deliberations\r\non each and every word. In this regard, reference may be made to Pakistan Penal\r\n\u003c/span\u003eCode, 1860, The Evidence Act, 1872, Bill of Exchange Act, 1882, Code of\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e Criminal Procedure, 1898 and the Code of Civil\r\nProcedure, 1908 etc. A very few amendments were made in the above enactments\r\nduring more than half a century. However, after partition of \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eIndia\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, a new\r\ntendency has developed of making frequent amendments in the existing laws and\r\nenacting new laws hastily, with the result that the drafting is bad and defective,\r\nwhich breeds litigation.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(b) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe Executive is also responsible for creating\r\nlitigation by taking hasty and unjudicious action or by acting arbitrarily or\r\ncapriciously. The object of the incorporation of section 80 of the Code of\r\nCivil Procedure was to provide two months period to the Government to consider\r\nthe claim of a citizen and to redress his grievance before he approaches a\r\nCourt. The benefit of the above section is not availed of by the Executive.\r\nNow-a -days a tendency has developed on the part of the Government officials\r\nnot to take a bold and quick decision in respect of any claim but to leave the\r\nmatter for the Court to decide, with the result that one of the main litigants\r\nin the country is the Government or its functionaries, corporate bodies etc.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(c) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe delays on account of judiciary have been\r\nhighlighted in Hamoodur Rahman Commission\u0027s Report because of inter alia\r\nprocedure and non-observance by the Presiding Officers the provisions of the\r\nprocedure which are intended to eliminate delay. Beside the above reasons, the\r\nweakness, incompetency and lack of desire to work to their full capacity on the\r\npart of some Judges have also contributed towards delays in Courts. For that,\r\nsome of the lawyers are equally responsible as the Judges, who do not work and\r\ngrant adjournments of cases readily are considered as accommodating Judges,\r\nwhereas the Judges who wish to work to their full capacity and who decline to\r\ngrant unnecessary adjournments are termed as unaccommodating Judges.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(d) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe legal profession is considered to be a noble\r\nprofession as it provides a social service to the needy and suppressed people.\r\nHowever, unfortunately now-a-days some of the people in the Indo-Pak\r\nsub-continent, join the legal profession not with the desire to serve the\r\npeople but for the reason that they do not have any other option. Therefore, to\r\nthem earning of the money is the only aim, with the result that they conduct\r\nproceedings without any scruple. They do not tender correct advice to the\r\nlitigant public in order to avert frivolous litigation. They do not prevent\r\ntheir clients from taking false stand or making false statements.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(e) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe litigant public itself is also contributing a\r\nlot towards delays in disposal of cases. The greed and desire to have easy\r\nmoney and to \u003c/span\u003ebecome rich overnight, has generated frivolous litigation.\r\nI may point out\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e that in the Province of Sindh\r\na new practice has developed which is alarming and is required to be dealt\r\nwith, with heavy hands, namely, that after a landlord succeeds in obtaining an\r\nejectment order upto the level of the Supreme Court after long litigation of 10\r\nto 15 years, a tenant generally on the basis of forged documents either files a\r\nsuit for specific performance of an alleged sale agreement of the tenement of\r\nwhich ejectment order has been passed, or a suit for declaration that the\r\nlandlord has granted new tenancy after the decision of the Supreme Court.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eI\r\nmay observe that so long as the above contributories to delays in Courts do not\r\nchange their above working style, delays in Courts are inevitable and no amount\r\nof procedural changes, the Law Commissions and Seminars are going to eliminate\r\nthe same. We should also create awareness among all the quarters concerned that\r\ndelays in Courts be treated as a national problem and be dealt with on high\r\npriority basis.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e5.\r\nBefore concluding my address, I may make following a few suggestions:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eThe\r\nCourt\u0027s current difficulties stem from an inherited backlog. Delays in Courts\r\ncannot be eliminated/reduced unless and until the backlog is first cleared and,\r\ntherefore, the Courts should control and monitor the litigation process from\r\nthe time of filing till the conclusion in order to ensure expeditious disposal.\r\nFor clearing backlog of criminal cases, inter alia the number of Judges may be\r\nincreased but for civil cases instead of increasing number of Judges, we may involve\r\nalternate supplementary effective forums for adjudication of the same.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(a) In \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eUnited States\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e, in order to reduce\r\nthe workload of the normal Courts, quite substantial number of disputes are\r\nbeing referred to arbitration. The arbitration has become so popular in \u003cst1:country-region\r\nw:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eAmerica\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e that\r\nsome of the sitting Judges after resigning have established their judicial\r\narbitration service. However, in our country, arbitration has proved a failure \u003c/span\u003ebecause\r\nafter arbitration ends, litigation begins. A proceeding for making\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e an award a rule of the Court is registered as a\r\nsuit and goes through the entire procedure of suit with all its consequential\r\nappeals upto the highest Court. Some times the question, whether the dispute is\r\nto be referred to arbitration or not, remains the subject-matter of litigation\r\nfor more than a decade either in the form of proceedings arising from an\r\napplication under section 20 of the Arbitration Act for filing of arbitration\r\nagreement in the Court or in the form of proceedings arising from an\r\napplication under section 34 of the Arbitration Act filed in a suit. The\r\nproceedings upon the merits of the claim begin after the final adjudication\r\nupon the above question, and if the dispute is to proceed before an arbitrator,\r\nit takes another 10-15 years till an award acquires finality and becomes\r\nexecutable. In my view, the Arbitration Act be suitably amended for providing\r\ninter alia as follows:\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(i) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eMoney claims in respect of specified matters and\r\namounts may be made compulsorily referable to arbitration in pending cases as\r\nwell as for \u003c/span\u003efuture claims. Three months period for giving an award may\r\nbe specified\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e and in no case, the time be\r\nextended beyond six months;\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003e(ii) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eInstead of providing for registration of an award\r\nas a suit, a direct appeal \u003c/span\u003eagainst it be provided which may be filed\r\nwithin 30 days of the giving of\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e an award\r\nbefore a tribunal, which should dispose of the same within three months from\r\nthe date of filing it. Permanent tribunals comprising retired Judges of the\r\nSupreme Court, High Courts and District Courts be constituted. A permanent\r\nmachinery for constituting and operating such tribunals be provided. I may\r\nsuggest that instead of paying pension to the retired Judges, they may be paid\r\ntheir salaries and be entrusted with the above work and other judicial work.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eAn appeal be marked to an appropriate tribunal\r\naccording to the nature of dispute.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(b) That the system of having a pre-trial\r\nconference between the parties and their Advocates in presence of the Presiding\r\nJudges, be introduced with the object to settle the matter amicably. This\r\nsystem has proved very successful in the \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003eUnited States\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e. During the year\r\n1979-80 in the State of \u003cst1:State w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eCalifornia\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:State\u003e\r\nalone, out of 26,000 matters, 15,000 matters were disposed of at the\r\npreliminary stage of hearing \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003epopularly\r\nknown \u003c/span\u003eas a pre-trial stage.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(c) That the Judges be made conversant with the\r\ntechnique of Court management. Delay in Courts is primarily management problem.\r\nThe basic structure of the Courts operation \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003eshould \u003c/span\u003ebe \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003eknown. \u003c/span\u003eA\r\nlot of research work in this regard has been \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:\r\nbold\u0027\u003econducted \u003c/span\u003ein \u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\u0027\u003evarious \u003c/span\u003ecountries\r\nof the world and this has also been subject-matter of numerous International\r\nSeminars. The consensus seems to be that proper Court management reduces delays\r\nin disposal of cases. It helps Courts to control and monitor the litigation\r\nprocess from filing onwards till the conclusion of the same. This is also\r\ncalled the case flow management policy. The above technique has been recently\r\nemployed by the present Chief Justice of Pakistan, with the result that the\r\nentire backlog of petitions for leave to appeal and substantial number of\r\nappeals have been cleared. In this regard, it may be pertinent to mention that\r\non \u003cst1:date Month=\"6\" Day=\"1\" Year=\"1990\" w:st=\"on\"\u003e6-1-1990\u003c/st1:date\u003e, 5,821\r\npetitions for leave were pending as balance. During the period from 6-1-1990 to\r\n30-6-1991, 6,843 new petitions for leave to appeal were registered; thus making\r\na total of 12,664 out of the above total number, 11,391 petitions for leave to\r\nappeal have been disposed of, leaving a balance of 1,273. Whereas on above\r\ndate, namely, on \u003cst1:date Month=\"6\" Day=\"1\" Year=\"1990\" w:st=\"on\"\u003e6-1-1990\u003c/st1:date\u003e,\r\n5,235 appeals were pending. During the above period, 4,500 appeals were\r\nregistered; thus making a total of 9,735 appeals. Out of the above total\r\npendency, 6,086 appeals have been disposed of, leaving \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt\u0027\u003ea \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003ebalance\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt\u0027\u003eof \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:\r\n.2pt\u0027\u003e3,649. The position obtaining on 4-7-1991 i.e. on the last working day of\r\nthe Supreme Court before the commencement of its summer vacation was that the\r\nentire backlog of the petitions for leave to appeal and of the appeals upto and\r\nincluding of the year 1989 had been cleared except that there were 1,029\r\ncurrent petitions for leave to appeal and 932 appeals unit-wise, (but\r\nbunch-wise 867 current petitions for leave to appeal and 553 appeals) pending.\r\nIt is hoped that before the end of his year petitions for leave to appeal and\r\nappeals will be disposed of within a week and within a year respectively from\r\nthe dates of their institution. Even nowa days appeals of 1990 and 1991 are\r\nbeing heard and disposed of.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(d) In order to eliminate delays on account of\r\nlawyers\u0027 absence or engagement in other cases, it may be appropriate that\r\nformation of lawyers\u0027 firms having a number of partners or associates be\r\nencouraged, \u003c/span\u003eso that daily workload may be equally divided among them. In\r\n\u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place w:st=\"on\"\u003eRussia\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e,\r\nall\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e Advocates are allotted to Legal Aid\r\nBureau set up by Collegium of the Bar in which they operate. Fees are made by a\r\nclient to the Legal Aid Bureau on a piece work basis and not to Advocate,\r\nthough a client has the option to specify a particular lawyer from the panel.\r\nThe formation of such Legal Aid Bureau in \u003cst1:country-region w:st=\"on\"\u003e\u003cst1:place\r\n w:st=\"on\"\u003ePakistan\u003c/st1:place\u003e\u003c/st1:country-region\u003e may not be feasible. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003eHowever, the \u003c/span\u003eformation\r\nof the firms as suggested above will go a long way to eliminate\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e \u003c/span\u003edelays on account of lawyers, and it will\r\nalso provide openings for young\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e lawyers who\r\nface lot of hardship during initial period of their career.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027margin-left:.5in;text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e(e) The people who file frivolous cases and make\r\nfalse statements on oath, generally get away without being penalised for their\r\nabove acts. Compensatory costs be awarded in such cases to the winning parties\r\nand the persons guilty of perjury be punished severely. The Court before which\r\noffence of perjury is committed, be conferred with the power to punish the\r\noffender.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e6.\r\nIn the end I would like to thank once again to all of you and I wish all the\r\nsuccess for this Seminar.\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal align=center style=\u0027text-align:center\u0027\u003e\u003cspan\r\nstyle=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e***\u003co:p\u003e\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal style=\u0027text-align:justify\u0027\u003e\u003cspan style=\u0027letter-spacing:.2pt\u0027\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp class=MsoNormal\u003e\u003co:p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/o:p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/body\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003c/html\u003e\r\n"